盒式布水器开孔形式对矩形储热水箱热分层性能影响研究

徐雪琦; 任玉成; 唐柏松; 张鹏程; 肖益民

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0700

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盒式布水器开孔形式对矩形储热水箱热分层性能影响研究

储能材料与器件 | 更新时间：2026-09-30

- 盒式布水器开孔形式对矩形储热水箱热分层性能影响研究
- Study on the effect of opening configuration of box-type water distributor on thermal stratification performance of rectangular hot water storage tank
- 储能科学与技术 2026年页码：1-11
- 作者机构：
  
  1.重庆大学土木工程学院，重庆 400045
  2.石河子大学水利建筑工程学院，新疆石河子 832003
  3.中国电建集团北京勘测设计研究院有限公司，北京 100024
- 作者简介：
  
  徐雪琦（2002—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为蓄热技术，E-mail：xuxueqi2030@163.com；
  肖益民，教授，研究方向为蓄热技术，E-mail：xiaoyimin@cqu.edu.cn 。
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0700
  中图分类号： TK 02
- 收稿：2026-08-11，
  
  修回：2026-09-07，
  
  网络首发：2026-09-30，
- 稿件说明：
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徐雪琦, 任玉成, 唐柏松, 等. 盒式布水器开孔形式对矩形储热水箱热分层性能影响研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-11.

XU Xueqi, REN Yucheng, TANG Baisong, et al. Study on the effect of opening configuration of box-type water distributor on thermal stratification performance of rectangular hot water storage tank[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-11.
徐雪琦, 任玉成, 唐柏松, 等. 盒式布水器开孔形式对矩形储热水箱热分层性能影响研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-11. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0700.

XU Xueqi, REN Yucheng, TANG Baisong, et al. Study on the effect of opening configuration of box-type water distributor on thermal stratification performance of rectangular hot water storage tank[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-11. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0700.

摘要

为减小水箱入口冷热水掺混对矩形储热水箱热分层的干扰，提高储热水箱的蓄热效率，本研究设计了一种区别于传统管式出流的矩形盒式布水器，其通过内部矩形缓冲腔实现大面积低速散流。采用Fluent软件建立水箱三维数值模型，针对盒式布水器的开孔位置与孔口形状进行数值仿真。选取斜温层厚度、理查森数（Ri）和热分层数（Str）作为水箱热分层性能的评价指标，探究了盒式布水器结构参数对水箱热分层效果的影响机制。研究结果表明，盒式布水器开孔位置对水箱热分层性能的影响最大，顶部开孔时斜温层厚度较侧部开孔和底部开孔分别平均减少了24.75%和58.02%，底部开孔时水箱的热分层效果最差。盒式布水器孔口形状带来的热分层效果受布水器开孔位置的影响，顶部和侧部开孔时条缝型热分层效果优于圆孔型，底部开孔时圆孔型热分层效果优于条缝型。顶部条缝型盒式布水器的热分层综合效果最优，相较水箱传统的H型布水结构，该方案可使矩形储热水箱斜温层厚度平均降低12.2%，Ri数和Str数均有所提高，可有效改善矩形储热水箱的热分层效果。本研究可为实际工程中矩形储热水箱布水器结构的设计与优化提供理论依据。

Abstract

To reduce the interference of hot and cold water mixing at the inlet on thermal stratification in the rectangular hot water storage tank and improve its thermal storage efficiency

a rectangular box-type water distributor that differs from conventional tubular-outlet designs was proposed in this study. The distributor features an internal rectangular buffer cavity that enables large-area

low-velocity outflow. A three-dimensional numerical model of the tank was established using Fluent software. Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of opening position and orifice shape for the box-type distributor. Thermocline thickness

Richardson number (Ri)

and stratification number (Str) were selected as evaluation indicators to explore the influence mechanism of distributor structural parameters on thermal stratification performance. The results show that the opening position has the most significant effect on thermal stratification performance. For the top-opening configuration

the thermocline thickness is reduced by 24.75% and 58.02% on average compared with the side-opening and bottom-opening cases

respectively. The bottom-opening configuration exhibits the poorest thermal stratification. The effect of orifice shape on thermal stratification depends on the opening position. Slot-type orifices outperform circular ones for top and side openings

while circular orifices yield better performance than slot-type ones for bottom openings. The top-opening slot-type box distributor exhibits the best comprehensive thermal stratification performance. Compared with the conventional H-type water distributor

this scheme reduces the average thermocline thickness of the rectangular tank by 12.2%

with simultaneous improvements in Ri and Str

which effectively enhance the thermal stratification performance of the rectangular hot water storage tank. This study provides a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of water distributor structures in rectangular hot water storage tanks for practical engineering applications.

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