计及电解槽特性的可再生能源电解制氢系统容量优化研究

王超; 陈志鑫; 朱建功; 徐建强; 张浩宇; 袁浩; 戴海峰; 魏学哲; 余卓平

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0695

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

计及电解槽特性的可再生能源电解制氢系统容量优化研究

XXXX | 更新时间：2026-09-21

- 计及电解槽特性的可再生能源电解制氢系统容量优化研究
- Research on capacity optimization of renewable energy electrolytic hydrogen production system considering electrolyzer characteristics
- 储能科学与技术 2026年页码：1-12
- 作者机构：
  
  1.同济大学汽车与能源学院，上海 201804
  2.同济大学新能源汽车工程中心，上海 201804
- 作者简介：
  
  王超（1987—），男，硕士研究生，中级职称，研究方向为燃料电池及电解池，E-mail：wangchao_4@tongji.edu.cn；
  魏学哲，教授，研究方向为电化学电源管控，E-mail：weixzh@tongji.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  青海省重大科技专项(2023-GX-A2)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0695
  中图分类号： TK 91
- 收稿：2026-08-06，
  
  修回：2026-09-20，
  
  网络首发：2026-09-21，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
王超, 陈志鑫, 朱建功, 等. 计及电解槽特性的可再生能源电解制氢系统容量优化研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12.

WANG Chao, CHEN Zhixin, ZHU Jiangong, et al. Research on capacity optimization of renewable energy electrolytic hydrogen production system considering electrolyzer characteristics[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12.
王超, 陈志鑫, 朱建功, 等. 计及电解槽特性的可再生能源电解制氢系统容量优化研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0695.

WANG Chao, CHEN Zhixin, ZHU Jiangong, et al. Research on capacity optimization of renewable energy electrolytic hydrogen production system considering electrolyzer characteristics[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0695.

摘要

针对可再生能源电解制氢系统容量配置及能量分配问题，本文提出一种考虑电解槽温度及氧中氢特性的可再生能源电解制氢系统双层容量优化方法。模型上层以最低平准化制氢成本为目标函数，以电解槽容量和电池容量为决策变量，利用自适应粒子群算法进行求解；下层以日均制氢量最大为目标函数，以各时段电解槽/电池功率及运行状态为决策变量，以功率平衡、弃电率、设备运行合理性作为约束条件，调用CPLEX求解混合整函数规划问题。通过双层容量规划，实现容量配置与能量调度的协同优化。针对离网型可再生能源电解制氢系统进行案例分析，仿真结果表明，相较于传统的恒定设备负荷边界的双层容量优化方法，使用本研究建立的考虑电解槽温度与氧中氢特性的变负荷边界工况双层容量优化模型时，电解槽容量由17.954kW减小至15.745kW，电池容量由10.730kWh增大至55.496kWh，证明传统的恒定工况双层容量优化模型由于忽略电解槽温度和系统氧中氢特性进而低估了为维持离网系统稳定运行的电池容量与氢气制取成本。

Abstract

To address the capacity configuration problem of renewable energy-powered water electrolysis hydrogen production systems

this paper proposes a bi-level capacity optimization method that takes into account electrolyzer temperature and hydrogen-in-oxygen characteristics. In the upper level of the model

the levelized cost of hydrogen is minimized as the objective function

with the capacities of the electrolyzer and the battery serving as the decision variables and the equipment capacity limits acting as the constraints

and the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to solve this optimization problem. The lower-level model maximizes the average daily hydrogen production

with the power levels and operating states of equipment in each time period as decision variables

subject to constraints including power balance

equipment operational rationality

and grid operational rationality; the mixed-integer programming problem is solved using CPLEX. By means of a bi-level capacity planning scheme

the coordinated optimization between capacity sizing and energy scheduling is realized. A case study is conducted on an off-grid renewable energy-powered water electrolysis hydrogen production system. Simulation results demonstrate that

compared with the conventional bi-level capacity optimization method employing fixed equipment loading boundaries

the proposed bi-level optimization model

which incorporates the temperature-dependent and hydrogen-in-oxygen (HTO) characteristics of the electrolyzer under variable loading conditions

yields a reduction in electrolyzer capacity from 17.954 kW to 15.745 kW

while the battery capacity increases from 10.730 kWh to 55.496 kWh. These results confirm that the conventional bi-level optimization model with constant operating conditions underestimates both the battery capacity required to maintain system stability and the corresponding hydrogen production cost

owing to its neglect of electrolyzer temperature dynamics and hydrogen-in-oxygen constraints.

关键词

Keywords

references

Renewables 2018 Global Status Report[R]. REN21(Paris), 2019.

丁显, 冯涛, 何广利, 等. 风电光伏波动性电源对电解水制氢电解槽影响的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(10): 3275-3284. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0185.

DING X, FENG T, HE G L, et al. Research progress of the influence of wind power and photovoltaic of power fluctuation on water electrolyzer for hydrogen production[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(10): 3275-3284. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0185.

许庆祥, 滕伟, 武鑫, 等. 平抑风电功率波动的飞轮储能系统容量配置方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(12): 3906-3914. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0408.

XU Q X, TENG W, WU X, et al. Capacity configuration method of flywheel storage system for suppressing power fluctuation of wind farms[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(12): 3906-3914. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0408.

PRASANNA A, DORER V. Feasibility of renewable hydrogen based energy supply for a district[J]. Energy Procedia, 2017, 122: 373-378. DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.420.

SIMONIS B, NEWBOROUGH M. Sizing and operating power-to-gas systems to absorb excess renewable electricity[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42(34): 21635-21647. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.07.121.

KONG L G, YU J M, CAI G W. Modeling, control and simulation of a photovoltaic/hydrogen/supercapacitor hybrid power generation system for grid-connected applications[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44(46): 25129-25144. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.05.097.

CHEHADE Z, MANSILLA C, LUCCHESE P, et al. Review and analysis of demonstration projects on power-to-X pathways in the world[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44(51): 27637-27655. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.08.260.

THYSSENKRUP P. Clean energy, renewable fuels & chemicals, carbon recycling[EB/OL]. [2018-10-01]. https://www.thyssenkrupp-uhde-chlo-rine-engineers.com/en/products/water-electrolysis/power-to-gas.

ZHANG X Q. The development trend of and suggestions for China's hydrogen energy industry[J]. Engineering, 2021, 7(6): 719-721. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.04.012.

BREAR M J. Thoughts on the prospects of renewable hydrogen[J]. Engineering, 2020, 6(12): 1343-1345. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.09.008.

孟翔宇, 陈铭韵, 顾阿伦, 等. "双碳"目标下中国氢能发展战略[J]. 天然气工业, 2022, 42(4): 156-179. DOI: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2022.04.015.

MENG X Y, CHEN M Y, GU A L, et al. China's hydrogen development strategy in the context of double carbon targets[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2022, 42(4): 156-179. DOI: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2022.04.015.

DINH Q V, DINH V N, LEAHY P G. A differential evolution model for optimising the size and cost of electrolysers coupled with offshore wind farms[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2025, 124: 318-330. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.03.440.

SHI S, PAN Y, LI Y, et al. Capacity configuration and optimization of an off-grid wind-solar-hydrogen integrated system considering hybrid hydrogen production with alkaline electrolyzers and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers[J]. Renewable Energy, 2026, 258: 124814. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124814.

QI R M, QIU Y W, LIN J, et al. Two-stage stochastic programming-based capacity optimization for a high-temperature electrolysis system considering dynamic operation strategies[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2021, 40. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2021.102733.

MAROCCO P, GANDIGLIO M, SANTARELLI M. Optimal design of PV-based grid-connected hydrogen production systems[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 434. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140007.

Ulleberg Y .Modeling of advanced alkaline electrolyzers: a system simulation approach - ScienceDirect[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2003, 28( 1):21-33.DOI:10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00033-2.

Dieguez P M, Ursua A, Sanchis P, et al. Thermal performance of a commercial alkaline water electrolyzer: Experimental study and mathematical modeling[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2008, 33(24): 7338–7354.

Fragiacomo P, Genovese M. Modeling and energy demand analysis of a scalable green hydrogen production system[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44(57): 30237-30255.

Schalenbach M, Lueke W, Stolten D. Hydrogen diffusivity and electrolyte permeability of the Zirfon PERL separator for alkaline water electrolysis[J]. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2016, 163(14): F1480-1488.

Sanchez M, Amores E, Rodríguez L, et al. Semi-empirical model and experimental validation for the performance evaluation of a 15kW alkaline water electrolyzer[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43(45): 20332–20345.

霍现旭, 王靖, 蒋菱, 等. 氢储能系统关键技术及应用综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2016, 5(2): 197-203. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4239.2016.02.011.

HUO X X, WANG J, JIANG Li, et al. Review on key technologies and applications of hydrogen energy storage system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2016, 5(2): 197-203. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4239.2016.02.011.

BUTTLER A, SPLIETHOFF H. Current status of water electrolysis for energy storage, grid balancing and sector coupling via power-to-gas and power-to-liquids: A review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, 82(3): 2440-2454. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.003.

SABA S M, MULLER M, ROBINIUS M, et al. The instrument costs of electrolysis – A comparison of cost studies from the past 30 years[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43: 1209-1223. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.11.115.

徐进, 丁显, 宫永立, 等. 电解水制氢厂站经济性分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(07): 2374-2385. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0062.

XU J, DING X, GONG Y L, et al. Economic analysis of hydrogen production plant with water electrolysis[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(07): 2374-2385. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0062.

郭秀盈, 李先明, 许壮, 等. 可再生能源电解制氢成本分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 09(03): 688-695. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0004.

GUO X Y, LI X M, XU Z, et al. Cost analysis of hydrogen production by electrolysis of renewable energy[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 09(03): 688-695. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0004.

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

有机-无机双层包覆协同优化LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4高压正极材料的界面及电化学性能

热处理提升Li7P3S11固态电解质的空气稳定性和电化学性能

S掺杂/Li2SO4包覆富锂锰基正极材料的电化学性能研究

褶皱状少层Ti3C2 MXene的制备及超级电容性能研究

AlPO4包覆含氧空位LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2材料的制备及电化学性能