磷酸铁锂电池的快充耦合过热热失控行为试验研究

方乐文; 张振东; 朱顺良; 宜周翔; 郭阳

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0674

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磷酸铁锂电池的快充耦合过热热失控行为试验研究

储能XXXX | 更新时间：2026-09-21

- 磷酸铁锂电池的快充耦合过热热失控行为试验研究
- Experimental Study on Thermal Runaway Behavior of Lithium-Iron-Phosphate Batteries under Fast-Charging-coupled Overheating Condition
- 储能科学与技术 2026年页码：1-11
- 作者机构：
  
  1.上海理工大学机械工程学院，上海 200093
  2.上海机动车检测认证技术研究中心有限公司，上海 200093
- 作者简介：
  
  方乐文（2000—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为电池热管理技术，E-mail：@qq.com；
  张振东，教授，研究方向为汽车动力系统与热管理，E-mail：usstzzd@usst.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(52472381);国家自然科学青年基金(52206267)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0674
  中图分类号： TM 912
- 收稿：2026-08-01，
  
  修回：2026-09-20，
  
  网络首发：2026-09-21，
- 稿件说明：
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方乐文, 张振东, 朱顺良, 等. 磷酸铁锂电池的快充耦合过热热失控行为试验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-11.

FANG Yuewen, ZHANG Zhendong, ZHU Shunliang, et al. Experimental Study on Thermal Runaway Behavior of Lithium-Iron-Phosphate Batteries under Fast-Charging-coupled Overheating Condition[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-11.
方乐文, 张振东, 朱顺良, 等. 磷酸铁锂电池的快充耦合过热热失控行为试验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-11. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0674.

FANG Yuewen, ZHANG Zhendong, ZHU Shunliang, et al. Experimental Study on Thermal Runaway Behavior of Lithium-Iron-Phosphate Batteries under Fast-Charging-coupled Overheating Condition[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-11. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0674.

摘要

针对高容量磷酸铁锂电池在快充与局部过热耦合作用下的热失控问题，设计了一种试验装置，以50 Ah方形电池为研究对象，开展快充耦合过热的热失控试验，同步采集电池表面温度、电压、内阻、膨胀力和防爆箱内气体压力等参数，重点分析不同SOC下电池热失控行为特征并提出一种多参数融合的预警策略。结果表明，随着初始SOC由50%增加到100%，3C快充结束后电池温升提高了7.7℃，电池开始加热至最高温度的时间缩短了244 s，电压降为0 V的时间提前了228 s，密闭防爆箱内气体压力升高了4.1 kPa，电池膨胀力增加了1100 N。将试验过程分为四个阶段，快充阶段电池温度、膨胀力缓慢上升；加热阶段电池膨胀力快速增长，开阀时防爆箱内气体压力突升、膨胀力骤降，同时电池表面温度短暂小幅度回落；热失控阶段电池剧烈喷发，电压骤降、内阻突增、温度及气体压力达到最高，膨胀力降为负值；冷却阶段电池温度场逐渐向热平衡状态演化。因此，根据不同阶段的参数变化特征提出了一种三级预警策略。研究结果可为高容量磷酸铁锂电池的热失控预警及热安全设计提供参考。

Abstract

To address the thermal runaway issue of high-capacity lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries under the coupled effects of fast charging and localized overheating

an experimental setup was designed. Using 50 Ah prismatic LFP batteries as the research subject

thermal runaway tests were conducted under fast charging coupled with overheating conditions. Parameters including battery surface temperature

voltage

internal resistance

expansion force

and gas pressure inside the explosion-proof chamber were synchronously collected. The study focused on analyzing the thermal runaway behavior characteristics of batteries at different states of charge (SOC) and proposed a multi-parameter fusion early warning strategy. The results indicate that as the initial SOC increases from 50% to 100%

the battery temperature rise after 3C fast charging increases by 7.7 °C

the time from the onset of heating to the maximum temperature shortens by 244 s

the time for voltage to drop to 0 V advances by 228 s

the gas pressure inside the explosion-proof chamber rises by 4.1 kPa

and the battery expansion force increases by 1100 N. The experimental process was divided into four stages. During the fast charging stage

battery temperature and expansion force rise slowly. In the heating stage

expansion force increases rapidly

accompanied by a sudden rise in gas pressure and a sharp drop in expansion force upon valve opening

while the battery surface temperature briefly decreases slightly. In the thermal runaway stage

the battery undergoes violent eruption

with a sharp voltage drop

a sudden increase in internal resistance

peak temperature and gas pressure

and expansion force dropping to a negative value. In the cooling stage

the battery temperature field gradually evolves toward thermal equilibrium. Accordingly

a three-level early warning strategy is proposed based on the parameter variation characteristics of different stages. The findings of this study can provide a reference for thermal runaway early warning and thermal safety design of high-capacity LFP batteries.

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references

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