应用于水系锌离子电池的纳米纤维素基隔膜设计策略与研究进展

孙鑫龙; 王洪坤; 刘同军

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0388

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应用于水系锌离子电池的纳米纤维素基隔膜设计策略与研究进展

储能材料与器件 | 更新时间：2026-09-18

- 应用于水系锌离子电池的纳米纤维素基隔膜设计策略与研究进展
- Design strategies and research progress of nanocellulose-based separators for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第9期页码：3547-3558
- 作者机构：
  
  1.齐鲁工业大学绿色造纸与资源循环全国重点实验室，山东济南 250353
  2.浙江大学衢州研究院，浙江衢州 324000
  3.浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学院，浙江杭州 310027
- 作者简介：
  
  孙鑫龙（2001—），男，硕士，研究方向为纳米纤维素基功能材料基复合材料、生物质高值化利用，E-mail：sunxinlong2023@163.com；
  刘同军，教授，研究方向为木质纤维素生物质转化、微生物活性物质、益生元、生物物质分离等，E-mail：tjliu@qlu.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  济南市市校融合发展战略工程项目(JNSX2025030)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0388
  中图分类号： TM 911.3
- 收稿：2026-05-09，
  
  修回：2026-05-23，
  
  纸质出版：2026-09-28
- 稿件说明：
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孙鑫龙, 王洪坤, 刘同军. 应用于水系锌离子电池的纳米纤维素基隔膜设计策略与研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(9): 3547-3558.

SUN Xinlong, WANG Hongkun, LIU Tongjun. Design strategies and research progress of nanocellulose-based separators for aqueous zinc-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(9): 3547-3558.
孙鑫龙, 王洪坤, 刘同军. 应用于水系锌离子电池的纳米纤维素基隔膜设计策略与研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(9): 3547-3558. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0388.

SUN Xinlong, WANG Hongkun, LIU Tongjun. Design strategies and research progress of nanocellulose-based separators for aqueous zinc-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(9): 3547-3558. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0388.

摘要

水系锌离子电池受制于锌枝晶生长与界面副反应等瓶颈，开发具有离子调控功能的纳米纤维素基隔膜是提升其循环稳定性的关键。针对现有研究中材料宏观形态多收敛于水凝胶一体化、导致分类边界混淆的痛点，本文立足于材料组装调控的“核心主导机制”，系统综述了纳米纤维素基隔膜的多维度设计策略。重点剖析了聚焦分子尺度化学键合的表面化学改性、定位于微纳尺度空间物理限域的孔道结构调控以及跨相界控制活性水的电解液-聚合物协同设计三大策略的科学内涵与差异化路径。最后，展望了该领域在规模化制备、严苛工况适应性及理性定制范式等方向的挑战与工程化前景，以期为高稳定性水系锌电池的设计提供理论参考。

Abstract

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are highly promising candidates for large-scale energy storage owing to their intrinsic safety and cost-effectiveness. However

their practical application is severely hindered by dendrite growth and parasitic side reactions at the anode-electrolyte interface. As a critical component that separa

tes electrodes and regulates ion transport

the separator requires careful structural engineering and interfacial optimization. Nanocellulose has emerged as an ideal building block for high-performance separators owing to its high specific surface area

abundant active sites

and tailorable network topology. To address a common challenge in current research

where diverse separator design strategies exhibit morphological convergence toward integrated hydrogel structures

frequently leading to ambiguous classification

this review moves beyond superficial structural similarities and establishes a rigid

mechanism-driven classification framework. Specifically

we systematically elucidate three core design dimensions based on their underlying regulatory mechanisms: (i) surface chemical modification

which relies on molecular or supramolecular chemical interactions; (ii) pore structure regulation

which provides spatial confinement and geometric stabilization; and (iii) electrolyte-polymer synergistic design

which disrupts phase boundaries to reduce free water activity. The distinct scientific mechanisms through which each strategy homogenizes Zn

flux

optimizes desolvation kinetics

and suppresses side reactions are comprehensively analyzed. Finally

future perspectives and engineering challenges

including scalable manufacturing

adaptability under harsh operating conditions

and life cycle assessment

are discussed to provide comprehensive guidelines for the rational design of stable

long-life AZIBs.

关键词

Keywords

references

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