水系锌碘电池聚合物电解液制备及其电化学性能研究

胡宗丽; 杨光; 史晓东; 王欣

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0291

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水系锌碘电池聚合物电解液制备及其电化学性能研究

XXXX | 更新时间：2026-05-09

- 水系锌碘电池聚合物电解液制备及其电化学性能研究
- Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of an Aqueous Polymer Electrolyte for Highly Stable Zinc-Ion Batteries
- 储能科学与技术 2026年页码：1-9
- 作者机构：
  
  1.河北工程大学能源与环境工程学院，河北省邯郸市 056038
  2.松山湖材料实验室，广东省东莞市 523808
  3.海南大学，海南省海口市 570228
- 作者简介：
  
  胡宗丽（1999—），女，硕士研究生，水系聚合物电解液，E-mail：huzongli1001@163.com；
  王欣，研究员，研究方向为二次电池关键材料与器件、高分子材料基/高性能纤维，E-mail：wangxin@sslab.org.cn；
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金面上项目(22479102);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2025A1515011798;2024A1515011716;2023B1515120042)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0291
  中图分类号： TM 911
- 收稿：2026-04-04，
  
  修回：2026-05-07，
  
  网络首发：2026-05-09，
- 稿件说明：
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胡宗丽, 杨光, 史晓东, 等. 水系锌碘电池聚合物电解液制备及其电化学性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-9.

HU Zongli, Yang Guang, Shi Xiaodong, et al. Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of an Aqueous Polymer Electrolyte for Highly Stable Zinc-Ion Batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-9.
胡宗丽, 杨光, 史晓东, 等. 水系锌碘电池聚合物电解液制备及其电化学性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-9. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0291.

HU Zongli, Yang Guang, Shi Xiaodong, et al. Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of an Aqueous Polymer Electrolyte for Highly Stable Zinc-Ion Batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-9. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0291.

摘要

水系锌离子电池因析氢、腐蚀及锌枝晶生长而导致锌金属负极电化学性能受限，成为其长期循环与高倍率应用的核心挑战。本研究设计了一种基于大分子聚合物（聚2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸锌）的新型电解质盐体系（MS电解液），通过聚合物链上丰富的功能基团与长链构象实现对电解液微观结构和锌负极界面的双重调控。利用

H NMR与FTIR表征确认聚合物成功合成，并将其溶解于去离子水制备MS电解液，同时以常规1 M ZnSO

水溶液为对照（ZS电解液）。电化学测试表明，MS电解液可显著抑制锌金属负极界面副反应及枝晶生长：Zn-Zn对称电池在1 mA/cm

、1 mAh/cm

条件下循环寿命达600小时，在10 mA/cm

、10 mAh/cm

苛刻条件下仍可稳定循环90小时；Zn-Cu非对称电池在300圈循环中实现平均库仑效率99.3%；Zn-I

全电池在1 A/g电流密度下循环1000圈，容量保持率86.1%。此外，循环后的SEM、SECM、XRD及Tafel分析进一步证实了MS体系对锌负极界面腐蚀和副反应的抑制作用。该工作为构建兼具低水活性、高离子传输能力及优异界面稳定性的水系锌离子电

解液提供了一种有效的新策略，对高性能水系锌离子电池的设计与应用具有重要参考价值。

Abstract

The electrochemical stability of the zinc anode in aqueous zinc-ion batteries is critically limited by hydrogen evolution

corrosion

and dendrite growth

posing major challenges for long-term cycling and high-rate applications. In this study

a novel macromolecular polymer-based electrolyte salt system (MS electrolyte) is designed to achieve dual regulation of the electrolyte microstructure and the zinc anode interface through the abundant functional groups and long-chain conformation of the polymer chains. Successful synthesis of the polymer was confirmed by

H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy

and the MS electrolyte was prepared by dissolving it in deionized water

with conventional 1 M ZnSO

aqueous solution (ZS electrolyte) used as a control. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that the MS electrolyte significantly suppresses interfacial side reactions and dendrite growth at the zinc anode: Zn-Zn symmetric cells achieve a cycle life of 600 h at 1 mA/cm

/1 mAh/cm

and maintain stable cycling for 90 h even under harsh conditions of 10 mA/cm

/10 mAh/cm

. Zn-Cu asymmetric cells deliver an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.3% over 300 cycles. Furthermore

Zn-I

full cells exhibit a capacity retention of 86.1% after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1 A/g. Post-cycling characterizations

including SEM

SECM

XRD

and Tafel analysis

further confirm the suppression of interfacial corrosion and side reactions by the MS system. This work provides an effective new strategy for constructing aqueous zinc-ion electrolytes that integrate low water activity

high ionic transport capability

and superior interfacial stability

offering significant insights for the design and application of high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

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