非对称复合隔膜的制备及其锂金属电池性能研究

廖明杰; 庞鹏飞; 王沪; 陈江超; 张伟超; 朱归胜; 徐华蕊

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0288

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非对称复合隔膜的制备及其锂金属电池性能研究

储能材料与器件 | 更新时间：2026-08-26

- 非对称复合隔膜的制备及其锂金属电池性能研究
- Preparation of asymmetric composite separators and their performance in lithium metal batteries
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第8期页码：2975-2985
- 作者机构：
  
  桂林电子科技大学材料科学与工程学院，电子信息材料与器件教育部工程研究中心，广西信息材料重点实验室，广西桂林 541004
- 作者简介：
  
  廖明杰（1998—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为新能源电池，E-mail：15181659513@163.com；
  徐华蕊，研究员，研究方向为无机非金属，E-mail：Huaruixu@guet.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  广西科技计划项目(桂科AD23023013);桂林市科学研究与技术开发计划(20220120-1)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0288
  中图分类号： TB 34
- 收稿：2026-04-06，
  
  修回：2026-05-06，
  
  网络首发：2026-08-26，
  
  纸质出版：2026-08-28
- 稿件说明：
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廖明杰, 庞鹏飞, 王沪, 等. 非对称复合隔膜的制备及其锂金属电池性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(8): 2975-2985.

LIAO Mingjie, PANG Pengfei, WANG Hu, et al. Preparation of asymmetric composite separators and their performance in lithium metal batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(8): 2975-2985.
廖明杰, 庞鹏飞, 王沪, 等. 非对称复合隔膜的制备及其锂金属电池性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(8): 2975-2985. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0288.

LIAO Mingjie, PANG Pengfei, WANG Hu, et al. Preparation of asymmetric composite separators and their performance in lithium metal batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(8): 2975-2985. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0288.

摘要

锂金属电池因其极高的理论能量密度而被视为下一代储能系统的有力竞争者。然而，商业聚烯烃隔膜存在热稳定性差、离子迁移数低及对锂枝晶抑制能力弱等问题，阻碍了电池的商业化应用。本研究以聚乙烯(PE)为基膜，采用非对称涂覆策略，分别引入刚性的PAN@LATP层和柔性的PEO-SiO

层，制备了Janus结构的PPL复合隔膜。LATP与SiO

纳米颗粒对阴离子具有显著的锚定效应，通过极性基团削弱锂盐中Li

与阴离子之间的库仑相互作用，从而将锂离子迁移数（

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=116266357&type=

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=116266356&type=

2.87866688

3.21733332

）由PE隔膜的0.38提升至0.8。同时，这种“刚柔并济”的非对称结构赋予了隔膜95 MPa的机械强度与5.0 V的耐高压能力，还能有效均匀化离子通量并缓解锂枝晶生长。电化学测试表明，采用PPL隔膜组装的Li||Li对称电池在0.5 mA/cm

下可以稳定循环1000 h（PE隔膜体系在约300 h发生短路失效）。此外，组装的LFP||Li全电池在1 C的高电流密度下，初始放电容量为163.25 mAh/g，循环200次后容量保持率仍可达93%，较PE隔膜体系（69.2%）有明显改善。这种针对界面需求进行分区设计的非对称复合隔膜，为解决锂金属电池的安全性与循环稳定性问题提供了一种有效策略。

Abstract

Lithium metal batteries are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to their exceptionally high theoretical energy density. However

the commercial application of polyolefin separators is limited as they exhibit poor thermal stability

low lithium-ion transference numbers

and limited ability to suppress lithium dendrite growth. In this study

polyethylene (PE) was used as the base membrane

and an asymmetric coating strategy was employed to construct a Janus-structured PPL composite separator. A rigid PAN@LATP layer and a flexible PEO-SiO

layer were introduced on opposite sides of the membrane. LATP and SiO

nanoparticles provide strong anion anchoring

weakening the Coulombic interactions between Li

and anions and increasing the lithium-ion transference number from 0.38 for the PE separator to 0.8. The asymmetric structure

combining rigidity and flexibility

imparts a mechanical strength of 95 MPa and a high voltage tolerance of up t

o 5.0 V. It also promotes uniform ion flux and effectively suppresses lithium dendrite growth. Electrochemical testing demonstrated that a Li||Li symmetric cell assembled with the PPL separator achieved stable cycling for 1000 h at 0.5 mA/cm

whereas the PE separator system failed due to short circuiting after 300 h. Furthermore

the assembled LFP||Li cell exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 163.25 mAh/g at 1 C and retained 93% of its capacity after 200 cycles

significantly outperforming the PE separator system (69.2%).This asymmetric composite separator

with its interface-specific functional design

offers an effective strategy for improving the safety and cycling stability of lithium metal batteries.

关键词

Keywords

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