锂电池高安全性电解液研究进展及趋势

邱宇璇; 魏泽威; 袁雪迪; 张家铭; 刘昊杰; 谢英鹏; 李佳佳; 张海涛

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0270

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锂电池高安全性电解液研究进展及趋势

XXXX | 更新时间：2026-05-12

- 锂电池高安全性电解液研究进展及趋势
- Research Progress and Trends of High-Safety Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
- 储能科学与技术 2026年页码：1-16
- 作者机构：
  
  1.沈阳化工大学，辽宁沈阳 110000
  2.中国科学院过程工程研究所，北京100190
  3.郑州中科新兴产业技术研究院，郑州 450003
- 作者简介：
  
  邱宇璇（2001—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为锂电池电解液，E-mail：qiuyuxuan@ipe.ac.cn ；
  张海涛，博士，研究员，研究方向为能源材料、储能技术和电池回收E-mail：htZhang@ipe.ac.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划资助(动力型锂离子电池的催化反应机理及器件构筑)(2022YFA1504100);国家自然科学基金(U23A20122;22393962;22508396;U22A20417)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0270
  中图分类号： TM 911
- 收稿：2026-03-31，
  
  修回：2026-05-11，
  
  网络首发：2026-05-12，
- 稿件说明：
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邱宇璇, 魏泽威, 袁雪迪, 等. 锂电池高安全性电解液研究进展及趋势[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16.

QIU Yuxuan, WEI Zewei, YUAN Xuedi, et al. Research Progress and Trends of High-Safety Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16.
邱宇璇, 魏泽威, 袁雪迪, 等. 锂电池高安全性电解液研究进展及趋势[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0270.

QIU Yuxuan, WEI Zewei, YUAN Xuedi, et al. Research Progress and Trends of High-Safety Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0270.

摘要

以锂离子电池和锂金属电池为代表的锂电池体系，凭借其高比能、低成本及长寿命等优点有效推动了出行电动化、新能源规模化利用及新兴高科技（具身机器人、电动垂直起降飞行器、无人机、“三深”探测）的发展。这些高价值领域对电池的安全性提出了更高要求。电解液是锂电池的四大关键主材之一，作为离子传递的载体，能为锂离子在正负极之间往复传输提供通道。常规有机电解液由低闪点碳酸酯溶剂、对温度敏感的LiPF

锂盐及微量添加剂构成，这些组分自身固有易燃性为电池长期运行埋下了安全隐患。此外，各类滥用条件会导致电池局部温度快速升高并诱发系列放热反应，进一步放大安全风险。对电解液体系进行理性复配是提升电池本征安全的有效方法之一。本文将聚焦于高安全电解液的设计策略，首先归纳电解液在热失控过程中的失效机制，系统阐明电解液体系的设计原理与作用机理，主要包括溶剂化结构调控策略、本征阻燃电解液设计及智能响应电解液构筑。最后，探讨先进原位表征与人工智能技术在电解液创制领域的潜力，并对高安全电解液在高比能锂电池中的发展趋势进行展望。

Abstract

Lithium-based battery systems (e.g. lithium-ion and lithium-metal batteries) have effectively promoted the electrification of transportation

the large-scale utilization of renewable energy

and the development of emerging high-tech applications (e.g. embodied AI robotics

electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft

unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and deep-sea/deep-space/deep-earth exploration)

owing to their high specific energy

cost-effectiveness

and long cycle life. With the rapid advancement of these high-value applications

a key challenge is ensuring battery safety. Electrolytes

as critical components of energy storage systems

play a vital role in facilitating lithium ions transport between the cathode and anode. Generally

the conventional organic electrolytes composed of low-flash-point carbonate solvents and thermally sensitive LiPF

salt possess high inflammability

which renders t

hem thermally unstable at high temperature. Furthermore

various abuse conditions can lead to a sudden rise in localized temperature

which results in a series of exothermic reactions and further accelerates the electrolyte decomposition. Thus

rational electrolyte design is considered as a vital strategy for improving battery safety. Hence

this review will focus on the design strategies of high-safety electrolytes. First

the failure mechanisms of electrolytes during the thermal runaway process will be summarized. Then

the design principles and working mechanisms of electrolyte systems will be systematically elucidated. Solvation structure regulation

the design of intrinsically flame-retardant electrolytes

and the construction of smart-responsive electrolytes will be highlighted. Finally

the integration of advanced in-situ characterization and artificial intelligence (Al) technologies is expected to foster the development of promising candidates for high-safety electrolytes.

关键词

Keywords

references

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