锡硅负极循环过程中体积变化特性研究

范晓阳; 金周; 詹元杰; 闫勇; 田孟羽; 张礼桢; 赵文武; 黄学杰

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1051

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锡硅负极循环过程中体积变化特性研究

储能材料与器件 | 更新时间：2026-07-13

- 锡硅负极循环过程中体积变化特性研究
- Volume-change characteristics of tin-silicon anodes during cycling
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第6期页码：2034-2045
- 作者机构：
  
  1.松山湖材料实验室，广东东莞 523808
  2.东莞市宏锂有容科技有限公司，广东东莞 523808
  3.中国科学院物理研究所，北京 100191
- 作者简介：
  
  范晓阳（2001—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为锂离子电池负极材料，E-mail：lnufxy6688@163.com；
  金周，高级工程师，研究方向为锂离子电池复合负极材料，E-mail：jinzhou@sslab.org.cn
  黄学杰，研究员，研究方向为锂离子电池及其关键材料，E-mail：xjhuang@iphy.ac.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划(2024YFB2504900)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1051
  中图分类号： TM 911
- 收稿：2025-11-20，
  
  修回：2026-01-16，
  
  纸质出版：2026-06-28
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
范晓阳, 金周, 詹元杰, 等. 锡硅负极循环过程中体积变化特性研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(6): 2034-2045.

FAN Xiaoyang, JIN Zhou, ZHAN Yuanjie, et al. Volume-change characteristics of tin-silicon anodes during cycling[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(6): 2034-2045.
范晓阳, 金周, 詹元杰, 等. 锡硅负极循环过程中体积变化特性研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(6): 2034-2045. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1051.

FAN Xiaoyang, JIN Zhou, ZHAN Yuanjie, et al. Volume-change characteristics of tin-silicon anodes during cycling[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(6): 2034-2045. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1051.

摘要

当前商业化石墨负极材料成本低，体积膨胀率较小，结构稳定性好，但受限于其较低的理论比容量（372 mAh/g），限制了其能量密度的进一步提升，难以满足未来市场对高能量密度电池日益增长的需求。为此，具有超高理论容量的合金化负极材料，如硅（Si，4200 mAh/g）和锡（Sn，990 mAh/g），被视为极具潜力的下一代负极材料。但是硅、锡在脱嵌锂过程中的体积膨胀导致电极粉化、SEI膜持续生长，严重影响电池的循环寿命和安全性能，通过硅纳米片与其表面生长的锡纳米线的结构设计，锡纳米线在电极内部形成高效导电网络可以提升离子与电子迁移速度，且具有良好延展性的锡纳米线有效缓冲硅纳米颗粒在反复脱嵌锂过程中的体积变化从而有效地抑制体积膨胀，并且结合硅的高容量和锡的高导电性，可以显著改善高容量合金负极的电化学性能，硅锡复合负极材料（SSA）与高镍三元正极（LiNi

0.9

0.05

，NCM90）组装成扣式电池，800周循环后容量保持率仍达89%。基于该负极技术组装的3.5 Ah软包电池，质量能量密度达320 Wh/kg，体积能量密度为923 Wh/L，在循环300周后容量保持率为91%。同时，该电池在充放电态下的体积膨胀率也得到有效控制，200周循环后分别仅为8.13%（充电态）和3.14%（放电态）。该硅锡复合负极技术在高能量密度与长循环寿命之间取得了良好平衡，具备优异的体积变化抑制能力与循环性能，已展现出实际应用的潜力。

Abstract

Currently available commercial graphite-anode materials have low cost

low volume-expansion rate

and good structural stability. However

their theoretical specific capacity (372 mAh/g) is relatively low

which limits the further improvement of their energy density and fails to meet the growing market demand for high-energy-density batteries. Therefore

lithium-alloy anode materials with ultra-high theoretical capacity—such as those using silicon (Si

4200 mAh/g) and

tin (Sn

990 mAh/g) as alloy materials—are considered to be highly promising next-generation anode materials. However

the volume expansion of silicon and tin during lithium intercalation and deintercalation leads to electrode pulverization and continuous growth of the solid electrolyte interface film

which seriously affect the battery's cycle life and safety performance. A structural design consisting of silicon nanosheets with tin nanowires grown on their surfaces enables the tin nanowires to form an efficient conducting network within the electrode

which enhances the migration speed of both ions and electrons. Moreover

the highly ductile tin nanowires effectively buffer the volume changes of the silicon nanoparticles during repeated lithium intercalation and deintercalation

thereby effectively suppressing volume expansion. Combining the high capacity of silicon and the high conductivity of tin significantly improves the electrochemical performance of high-capacity alloy anodes. We assembled the silicon-tin composite-anode material (SSA) into a button cell with a high-nickel ternary cathode (LiNi

0.9

0.05

NCM90)

and the capacity-retention rate still reached 89% after 800 cycles. A 3.5 Ah pouch battery based on this anode technology had an energy density per unit mass of 320 Wh/kg and a volume energy density of 923 Wh/L

with a capacity-retention rate of 91% after 300 cycles. At the same time

the volume expansion of the battery in both the charged and discharged states was controlled effectively

being only 8.13% (charged state) and 3.14% (discharged state) after 200 cycles. This silicon-tin composite-anode technology thus achieves a good balance between high energy density and long cycle life

with excellent volume-change suppression and cycle performance

and it has shown significant potential for practical applications.

关键词

Keywords

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