新型开式卡诺电池储电储热（蒸汽）联供系统的热力学分析

任帅帅; 黄尚文; 罗开琦; 黄云; 罗二仓

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1041

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

新型开式卡诺电池储电储热（蒸汽）联供系统的热力学分析

储能系统与工程 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 新型开式卡诺电池储电储热（蒸汽）联供系统的热力学分析
- Thermodynamic analysis of a novel open-cycle carnot battery system for combined electricity and heat (steam) storage
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第2期页码：488-499
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院理化技术研究所，北京 100190
  2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
  3.中国科学院过程工程研究所，北京 100190
- 作者简介：
  
  任帅帅（2002—），男，硕士研究生，研究热泵技术，E-mail：renshuaishuai24@mails.ucas.ac.cn；
  罗开琦，助理研究员，研究热声制冷/热泵技术、热泵储电技术等，E-mail：luokaiqi@ipe.ac.cn
  罗二仓，研究员，研究热声发动机/制冷机技术、混合工质节流制冷技术、固体制冷技术等，E-mail：ecluo@mail.ipc.ac.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  中国科学院前沿战略科技A类先导专项课题(XDA0400102);国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0712600)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1041
  中图分类号： TK 02
- 收稿：2025-11-17，
  
  修回：2025-12-18，
  
  纸质出版：2026-02-28
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
任帅帅, 黄尚文, 罗开琦, 等. 新型开式卡诺电池储电储热(蒸汽)联供系统的热力学分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(2): 488-499.

REN Shuaishuai, HUANG Shangwen, LUO Kaiqi, et al. Thermodynamic analysis of a novel open-cycle carnot battery system for combined electricity and heat (steam) storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(2): 488-499.
任帅帅, 黄尚文, 罗开琦, 等. 新型开式卡诺电池储电储热(蒸汽)联供系统的热力学分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(2): 488-499. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1041.

REN Shuaishuai, HUANG Shangwen, LUO Kaiqi, et al. Thermodynamic analysis of a novel open-cycle carnot battery system for combined electricity and heat (steam) storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(2): 488-499. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1041.

摘要

卡诺电池因其独特的热-电转换工作特性可将储能系统拓展为热电联供系统，具有结构简单

、经济性高、环境友好等优势。为进一步提高卡诺电池的工作效率和储电密度，本工作提出了一种新型的基于开式朗肯热力学过程的储电储热电-蒸汽联供系统，并建立了系统与各部件的热力学仿真模型。研究表明，在高温端设计温度250℃、低温端设计温度120℃、压缩机等熵效率0.85、膨胀机等熵效率0.9的情况下，系统采用水作为工质，硝酸锂、赤藓糖醇分别作为高低温储热材料时，其电-电往返效率达到71.64%，电-热(蒸汽)联供综合效率可达87.69%，储电密度可达12.10 kWh/m

，并与相同工况及假设下的典型闭式卡诺电池进行了对比，结果表明电-电往返效率明显提升。进一步对系统进行了参数敏感性分析，分析了压缩机入口气相分率与出口压力对系统电-电往返效率及电-热(蒸汽)联供综合效率等系统热力学性能的影响，研究了压缩机与膨胀机等熵效率以及储水罐降温增差大小对系统关键指标的影响。本研究结果为开式卡诺电池的设计优化与应用提供了理论支持。

Abstract

The unique thermoelectric conversion capability of Carnot battery allows its expansion into a combined heat and power system with several advantages

including simple structure

cost-efficiency

and environmental friendliness. To further improve the efficiency and electrical energy storage density of Carnot batteries

a novel Rankine open-cycle energy storage system is proposed for combined electricity and steam generation

based on thermodynamic models for the system and its components. The results demonstrate that under design conditions with high/low-temperature ends at 250℃/120℃

compressor/expander isentropic efficiencies of 0.85/0.9

using water as the working fluid and lithium nitrate/erythritol as thermal storage materials

the system achieves an electrical round-trip efficiency of 71.64%

a combined electrical-thermal efficiency of 87.69%

and an electrical energy storage density of 12.1 kWh/m

. Compared with a typical closed-cycle Carnot battery under the same working conditions and assumptions

the proposed system shows a substantial improvement in the electrical round-trip efficiency. Furthermore

a parameter sensitivity analysis is performed to (1) study the effects of the compressor inlet gas-phase fraction and outlet pressure on the electrical round-trip efficiency and combined electrical-thermal (steam) efficiency

and (2) analyze the effects of the compressor and expander isentropic efficiencies and the tank cooling on the key performance indicators of the system. This study provides a theoretical

foundation for the design optimization and practical application of open-cycle Carnot batteries.

关键词

Keywords

references

YANG Y K, WANG M Y, LIU Y, et al. Peak-off-peak load shifting: Are public willing to accept the peak and off-peak time of use electricity price?[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 199: 1066-1071. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.181.

谢小荣, 马宁嘉, 刘威, 等. 新型电力系统中储能应用功能的综述与展望[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(1): 158-169. DOI:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.220025.

XIE X R, MA N J, LIU W, et al. Functions of energy storage in renewable energy dominated power systems: Review and prospect[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(1): 158-169. DOI:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.220025.

郭丁彰, 尹钊, 周学志, 等. 压缩空气储能系统储气装置研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(5): 1486-1493. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0356.

GUO D Z, YIN Z, ZHOU X Z, et al. Status and prospect of gas storage device in compressed air energy storage system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(5): 1486-1493. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0356.

孙健, 陶建龙, 胡芸蓉, 等. 基于热泵型储电技术国内外研究综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(6): 1963-1976. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0938.

SUN J, TAO J L, HU Y R, et al. Summary of research on power storage technology based on heat pump at home and abroad[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(6): 1963-1976. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0938.

陈海生, 李泓, 徐玉杰, 等. 2024年中国储能技术研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(6): 2149-2192. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0553.

CHEN H S, LI H, XU Y J, et al. Research progress on China's energy storage technology in 2024[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(6): 2149-2192. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki. 2095-4239.2025.0553.

万明忠, 王元媛, 李峻, 等. 压缩空气储能技术研究进展及未来展望[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2023, 45(9): 26-31. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.09.004.

WAN M Z, WANG Y Y, LI J, et al. Research progress and prospect of compressed air energy storage technology[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2023, 45(9): 26-31. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.09.004.

关苏敏, 钟声远, 李翰宸, 等. 压缩CO 2 储能技术研究现状及发展趋势[J ] . 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(1): 240-254. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0710.

GUAN S M, ZHONG S Y, LI H C, et al. Research status and development trend of compressed CO 2 energy storage technology[J ] . Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(1): 240-254. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0710.

LI F H, XING L L, SU W, et al. An idea to construct integrated energy systems of data center by combining CO 2 heat pump and compressed CO 2 energy storage[J ] . Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 75: 109581. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2023.109581.

LI Y, YU H, XIAO Y L, et al. Numerical verification on the feasibility of compressed carbon dioxide energy storage in two aquifers[J]. Renewable Energy, 2023, 207: 743-764. DOI:10.1016/j.renene.2023.03.013.

LI H C, SU W, DAI H T, et al. Thermo-economic analysis on the gas-liquid compressed carbon dioxide energy storage under different sliding pressure ranges of low-pressure gas storage[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 134: 118167. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2025.118167.

XU W P, ZHAO P, WANG J F, et al. Comprehensive thermo-economic analysis of an isobaric compressed CO 2 energy storage system: Improvement of the thermodynamic pathway[J ] . Energy Conversion and Management, 2024, 322: 119088. DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119088.

HAO Y P, HE Q, LIU W Y, et al. Thermodynamic analysis of a novel fossil-fuel-free energy storage system with a trans-critical carbon dioxide cycle and heat pump[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2020, 44(10): 7924-7937. DOI:10.1002/er.5130.

ZHANG X R, WANG G B. Thermodynamic analysis of a novel energy storage system based on compressed CO 2 fluid[J ] . International Journal of Energy Research, 2017, 41(10): 1487-1503. DOI:10.1002/er.3732.

高远志, 殷戈, 孙雪丽, 等. 液态空气储能技术研究现状与展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(10): 3900-3916. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki. 2095-4239.2025.0307.

GAO Y Z, YIN G, SUN X L, et al. Research status and outlooks of liquid air energy storage technology[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(10): 3900-3916. DOI:10. 19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0307.

WAN Y K, WU C, LIU Y, et al. A technical feasibility study of a liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system: Integrated component design and off-design performance analysis[J]. Applied Energy, 2023, 350: 121797. DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy. 2023.121797.

ZHENG P Y, ZHANG Z T, YANG J L, et al. Thermodynamic and economic analysis of compressed carbon dioxide energy storage systems based on different storage modes[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 243: 122669. DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng. 2024.122669.

ZHAO P, XU W P, ZHANG S Q, et al. Components design and performance analysis of a novel compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system: A pathway towards realizability[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2021, 229: 113679. DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113679.

FRATE G F, PATERNOSTRO L, FERRARI L, et al. Off-design of a pumped thermal energy storage based on closed brayton cycles[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2022, 144(2): 021016. DOI:10.1115/1.4052426.

ZHANG H, WANG L, LIN X P, et al. Technical and economic analysis of Brayton-cycle-based pumped thermal electricity storage systems with direct and indirect thermal energy storage[J]. Energy, 2022, 239: 121966. DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2021.121966.

VECCHI A, KNOBLOCH K, LIANG T, et al. Carnot Battery development: A review on system performance, applications and commercial state-of-the-art[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2022, 55: 105782. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2022.105782.

HUANG J X, ZHAO Y, SONG J, et al. Thermodynamic investigation of a Joule-Brayton cycle Carnot battery multi-energy system integrated with external thermal (heat and cold) sources[J]. Applied Energy, 2025, 377: 124652. DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy. 2024.124652.

王文瑞, 郝佳豪, 郑平洋, 等. 基于高温显热蓄热的二氧化碳卡诺电池系统设计与热经济性分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(7): 2714-2728. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0084.

WANG W R, HAO J H, ZHENG P Y, et al. Design and thermoeconomic assessments of CO 2 Carnot battery employing sensible heat storage at high temperatures[J ] . Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(7): 2714-2728. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0084.

DUMONT O, FRATE G F, PILLAI A, et al. Carnot battery technology: A state-of-the-art review[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2020, 32: 101756. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2020.101756.

SUN Y, ZHANG X, XU C, et al. Storing electricity in the low-rank coal: The heat-upgrading Carnot battery concept and a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis[J]. Energy, 2024, 312: 133567. DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2024.133567.

FERGANI Z, MOROSUK T. Multi-objective exergy-based optimization of a Carnot battery under different charging/discharging durations[J]. Energy, 2025, 338: 138964. DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2025.138964.

FU H L, HE Q, SONG J T, et al. Thermodynamic of a novel solar heat storage compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2021, 247: 114757. DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114757.

LU M Q, DU Y D, YANG C, et al. Performance analysis and multi-objective optimization of a combined system of Brayton cycle and compression energy storage based on supercritical carbon dioxide[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 236: 121837. DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121837.

HE T Y, CAO Y, SI F Q, et al. Off-design characteristics and operation strategy analysis of a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled with a combined heating and power plant[J]. Energy, 2024, 303: 131983. DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2024.131983.

罗开琦, 黄云, 罗二仓, 等. 一种基于开式卡诺电池循环的储电系统: CN120546298A[P]. 2025-08-26.

CHAE Y J, LEE J I. Thermodynamic analysis of compressed and liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system integrated with steam cycle for flexible operation of thermal power plant[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2022, 256: 115374. DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115374.

JANKOWSKI N R, MCCLUSKEY F P. A review of phase change materials for vehicle component thermal buffering[J]. Applied Energy, 2014, 113: 1525-1561. DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013. 08.026.

ZHANG Y, WU Y T, YANG K. Dynamic characteristics of a two-stage compression and two-stage expansion Compressed Carbon dioxide energy storage system under sliding pressure operation[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2022, 254: 115218. DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115218.

TAFONE A, PILI R, PIHL ANDERSEN M, et al. Dynamic modelling of a compressed heat energy storage (CHEST) system integrated with a cascaded phase change materials thermal energy storage[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 226: 120256. DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120256.

YANG H, CUI J Y, LIU L S, et al. Dynamic simulation of medium-temperature thermal storage compressed air energy storage (TS-CAES) system using Aspen Hysys[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 123: 116757. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2025.116757.

YANG D L, TANG G H, LUO K H, et al. Integration and conversion of supercritical carbon dioxide coal-fired power cycle and high-efficiency energy storage cycle: Feasibility analysisbasedona three-step strategy[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2022, 269: 116074. DOI:10.1016/j.enconman. 2022.116074.

FRATE G F, FERRARI L, DESIDERI U. Multi-criteria investigation of a pumped thermal electricity storage (PTES) system with thermal integration and sensible heat storage[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2020, 208: 112530. DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112530.

WEI L J, LIU X, WU F, et al. Performance analysis of a novel isobaric compressed air energy storage (CAES) system based on dual fluid[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 108: 115001. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2024.115001.

GAO C. Performance investigation of solar-assisted supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage systems[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 79: 110179. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2023. 110179.

XU M J, WANG X, WANG Z H, et al. Preliminary design and performance assessment of compressed supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage system[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 183: 116153. DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116153.

HE T Y, CAO Y, SI F Q. Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled with a combined heating and power unit[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2023, 277: 116618. DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116618.

WU C, WAN Y K, LIU Y, et al. Thermodynamic simulation and economic analysis of a novel liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2022, 55: 105544. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2022.105544.

路唱. 大规模热泵储能系统热力学分析与动态特性研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2023.LU C. Study on thermodynamic and dynamic characteristics of large-scale pumped thermal energy storage system[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2023.

杨鹤. 基于布雷顿循环的卡诺电池储能特性研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2024.YANG H. Research on energy storage characteristics of Carnot battery with brayton cycle[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2024.

黄正杰, 罗向龙, 梁颖宗, 等. 基于填充床相变蓄热器的卡诺电池系统特性研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2025, 46(4): 1034-1040.

HUANG Z J, LUO X L, LIANG Y Z, et al. Study on the characteristics of a Carnot battery based on a packed bed latent heat storage[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2025, 46(4): 1034-1040.

陈力, 廖传华, 王常青. 液-液二氧化碳储能系统的性能分析[J]. 化工机械, 2024, 51(1): 151-159, 164. DOI:10.20031/j.cnki.0254-6094.202401020.

CHEN L, LIAO C H, WANG C Q. Performance analysis of liquid-liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system[J]. Chemical Engineering & Machinery, 2024, 51(1): 151-159, 164. DOI:10.20031/j.cnki.0254-6094.202401020.

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

考虑储能接入的电网风险评估模型与算法研究

超级电容储能技术参与源网荷储系统优化控制研究

2025年中国储能技术研究进展

“实验-仿真-算法”三元融合下的绿色能源领域拔尖创新研究生培养模式探索与实践

肋部嵌有多孔材料的PEMFC流场设计及多工况实验