Research progress and trends of high-safety electrolytes for lithium batteries

QIU Yuxuan; WEI Zewei; YUAN Xuedi; ZHANG Jiaming; LIU Haojie; XIE Yingpeng; LI Jiajia; ZHANG Haitao

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0270

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Research progress and trends of high-safety electrolytes for lithium batteries

Energy Storage Materials and Devices | 更新时间：2026-08-26

- Research progress and trends of high-safety electrolytes for lithium batteries
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 8, Pages: 3071-3085(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.沈阳化工大学，辽宁沈阳 110000
  2.中国科学院过程工程研究所，北京 100190
  3.郑州中科新兴产业技术研究院，河南郑州 450003
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0270
  CLC： TM 911
- Received：31 March 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-05-11，
  
  Online First：26 August 2026，
  
  Published：28 August 2026
- 稿件说明：
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邱宇璇, 魏泽威, 袁雪迪, 等. 锂电池高安全性电解液研究进展及趋势[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(8): 3071-3085.

QIU Yuxuan, WEI Zewei, YUAN Xuedi, et al. Research progress and trends of high-safety electrolytes for lithium batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(8): 3071-3085.
邱宇璇, 魏泽威, 袁雪迪, 等. 锂电池高安全性电解液研究进展及趋势[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(8): 3071-3085. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0270.

QIU Yuxuan, WEI Zewei, YUAN Xuedi, et al. Research progress and trends of high-safety electrolytes for lithium batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(8): 3071-3085. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0270.

摘要

以锂离子电池和锂金属电池为代表的锂电池体系，凭借其高比能、低成本及长寿命等优点有效推动了出行电动化、清洁可再生能源规模化利用及新兴高科技（具身机器人、电动垂直起降飞行器、无人机、“三深”探测）的发展。这些高价值领域对电池安全性提出更高要求。电解液是锂电池的四大关键主材之一，作为离子传递的载体，能为锂离子在正负极之间往复传输提供通道。常规有机电解液由低闪点碳酸酯溶剂、对温度敏感的LiPF

锂盐及微量添加剂构成，这些组分自身固有易燃性为电池长期运行埋下一定的安全隐患。此外，各类滥用也会导致电池局部温度快速升高并诱发系列放热反应，进一步放大安全风险。系列研究表明对电解液体系进行理性复配是提升电池本征安全的有效方法之一。本文聚焦于高安全电解液的设计策略，归纳电解液在热失控过程中的失效机制，阐明电解液体系的设计原理与作用机理，主要包括溶剂化结构调控策略、本征阻燃电解液设计及智能响应电解液构筑。然后探讨先进原位表征与人工智能技术在电解液创制领域的作用，并对高安全电解液在高比能锂电池中的发展趋势进行展望。

Abstract

Lithium-based battery systems

including lithium-ion and lithium-metal batteries

have driven electrification in transportation

large-scale renewable energy integration

and emerging high-tech applications (e.g.

embodied artificial intelligence (AI) robotics

electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft

unmanned aerial vehicles

and deep-sea

deep-space

and deep-earth exploration) owing to their high specific energy

cost-effectiveness

and long cycle lives. However

the rapid expansion of these high-value applications has made battery safety a critical challenge. As a key component of energy storage systems

electrolytes play an essential role in transporting lithium ions between the cathode and anode. Conventional organic electrolytes

typically composed of low-flash-point carbonate solvents

and thermally sensitive LiPF

salt

are highly flammable and thus thermally unstable at elevated temperatures. In addition

abuse conditions can trigger a rapid local temperature rise

leading to a series of exothermic reactions that further accelerate electrolyte decomposition. Therefore

rational electrolyte design is a crucial strategy for improving battery safety. This review focuses on design strategies for high-safety electrolytes. First

it summarizes the electrolyte failure mechanisms during thermal runaway. It then systematically discusses the design principles and working mechanisms of electrolyte systems. Special attention will be given to solvation structure regulation

intrinsically flame-retardant electrolytes

and smart-responsive electrolytes. Finally

the integration of advanced

in situ

characterization and AI technologies is expected to accelerate the development of promising high-safety electrolyte candidates.

关键词

Keywords

references

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Guangchao DU

Yan FENG

Longzhou JIA

Zuoqiang DAI

Kai LIU

Related Institution

College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University

Engineering Technology Center of Power Integration and Energy Storage System, Qingdao University

National and Local Joint Engineering Technology Center for Intelligent Power Integration Technology for Electric Vehicles

CRRC Qingdao Sifang Vehicle Research Institute Co. Ltd., Energy Storage Division

Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University

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