Design and performance optimization of polypyrro-based toothed interdigital all-solid-state supercapacitors

TU Qian; LI Xianran; LIU Mengying; WANG Hong; DING Jing; WANG Yongping; CHEN Liangzhe

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0256

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Design and performance optimization of polypyrro-based toothed interdigital all-solid-state supercapacitors

Special Issue of Key Materials and Devices of Supercapacitors | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- Design and performance optimization of polypyrro-based toothed interdigital all-solid-state supercapacitors
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 5, Pages: 1671-1684(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.荆楚理工学院新能源学院，湖北荆门 448000
  2.湖北亿纬动力有限公司，湖北荆门 448124
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0256
  CLC： O 646.5;TS 871.1
- Received：28 March 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-04-13，
  
  Published：28 May 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
涂倩, 李宪然, 刘梦颖, 等. 聚吡咯基齿形叉指全固态超级电容器的设计及性能优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1671-1684.

TU Qian, LI Xianran, LIU Mengying, et al. Design and performance optimization of polypyrro-based toothed interdigital all-solid-state supercapacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1671-1684.
涂倩, 李宪然, 刘梦颖, 等. 聚吡咯基齿形叉指全固态超级电容器的设计及性能优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(5): 1671-1684. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0256.

TU Qian, LI Xianran, LIU Mengying, et al. Design and performance optimization of polypyrro-based toothed interdigital all-solid-state supercapacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(5): 1671-1684. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0256.

摘要

寻求具有高电容性能的电极材料制备具有高柔性储能器

件，在当今社会具有重要的研究价值和应用意义。鉴于此，本工作通过控制单质吡咯（Py）和氧化剂过硫酸铵（APS）的比例制备出具有高性能的球形颗粒聚吡咯（PPy）电极材料；利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）等对电极材料的微观形貌结构进行表征；同时利用电化学工作站对电极电化学性能进行分析。结果表明，当Py与APS的摩尔比为1∶1时，表现出优异的电化学性能，在0.3 A/g的电流密度下表现出193.5 F/g的高比电容，5 A/g电流密度下经过5000次充放电循环后，仍有85%的电容保持率。此外，配制具有优异流变性能的丝网印刷油墨，基于丝网印刷工艺组装柔性叉指超级电容器，对比普通叉指器件，齿形叉指器件表现出更为优异的电化学性能，在1 mA/cm

的电流密度下经过5000次充放电循环后，电容保持率高达91%，当功率密度为0.11 mW/cm

时，可产生0.0344 mWh/cm

的能量密度。因此，本工作制备了PPy油墨，通过丝网印刷工艺组装柔性齿形叉指超级电容器，其在柔性电子设备储能领域具有广阔的发展前景。

Abstract

The search for electrode materials with high capacitance performance for use in flexible energy storage devices is of significant research and application importance in contemporary applications. Herein

high-performance spherical polypyrrole (PPy) electrode materials were prepared by controlling the ratio of pyrrole (Py) and the oxidant ammonium persulfate (APS). The microstructure of the electrode materials was characterized using scanning electron microscopy

transmission electron microscopy

X-ray diffraction

and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

while the electrochemical performance of the electrode was analyzed using an electrochemical workstation. The results show that when a Py-to-APS molar ratio of 1∶1 yields excellent electrochemical performance

with a high specific capacitance of 193.5 F/g at a current density of 0.3 A/g

and a capacitance retention rate of 85% after 5000 charge–discharge cycles at a current density of 5 A/g. In addition

an ink with excellent rheological properties was formulated

and a flexible interdigital supercapacitor was fabricated via a screen-printing process. Compared with conventional interdigital devices

toothed interdigital designs exhibit superior electrochemical performance. The resulting device shows a capacitance retention rate of up to 91% after 5000 charge-discharge cycles at an area current density of 1 mA/cm

. At a power density of 0.11 mW/cm

t delivers an energy density of 0.0344 mWh/cm

. Overall

the PPy ink developed in this study

combined with the fabrication of a flexible toothed interdigital supercapacitor through screen printing

demonstrates promising potential for applications in flexible electronic energy storage devices.

关键词

Keywords

references

CHOI J, LIM H, OH D K, et al. Comprehending the frontiers of flexible supercapacitors: Materials, fabrication techniques, and performance metrics[J]. Materials Reports: Energy, 2026: 100404. DOI:10.1016/j.matre.2026.100404.

MENG L L, WU Z, LIU E, et al. Highly conductive, stretchable ion-conductive hydrogels for flexible sensors and flexible supercapacitors[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2026, 143(16): e70350. DOI:10.1002/app.70350.

FANG X Z, FALAK U, RASHEED A, et al. Recent advances in fiber-shaped supercapacitors for flexible and wearable energy-storage applications[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2026, 38(2): 586-606. DOI:10.1021/acs.chemmater.5c02828.

CHOI G, CHANG U, LEE J, et al. Unraveling and regulating superstructure domain dispersion in lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes for high stability and reversibility[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2024, 17(13): 4634-4645.

CAO J, XIE Y, LI W, et al. Rationally optimized carbon fiber cloth as lithiophilic host for highly stable Li metal anodes[J]. Materials Today Energy, 2021, 20: 100663. DOI:10.1016/j.mtener.2021. 100663.

MANOJKUMAR K, MUTHURAMALINGAM M, SUNDAMOORTHY A, et al. Revolutionizing energy storage: Self-charging supercapacitors toward self-powered micro and nano systems[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 524: 168642. DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2025.168642.

LIU S, WEI L, WANG H. Review on reliability of supercapacitors in energy storage applications[J]. Applied Energy, 2020, 278: 115436. DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115436.

JAVAID A, NAVEED K. Fire-retardant carbon-fibre reinforced multifunctional structural supercapacitors for energy storage applications[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 524: 1693 99. DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2025.169399.

SIMON P, GOGOTSI Y. Materials for electrochemical capacitors[J]. Nature Materials, 2008, 7(11): 845-854. DOI:10.1038/nmat 2297.

FENG L L, MI G F, SHI X L, et al. Tough interfacial adhesion enabled extremely durable flexible supercapacitors[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2023, 15(46): 53951-53964.

BEIDAGHI M, GOGOTSI Y. Capacitive energy storage in micro-scale devices: Recent advances in design and fabrication of micro-supercapacitors[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2014, 7(3): 867-884.

陈娟, 范利丹, 胡潇依, 等. 固态柔性超级电容器构筑及其材料的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(10): 4623-4631. DOI:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-2473.

CHEN J, FAN L D, HU X Y, et al. Research progress of construction and materials of solid-state flexible supercapacitors[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(10): 4623-4631. DOI:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-2473.

LIN J, ZHANG C G, YAN Z, et al. 3-dimensional graphene carbon nanotube carpet-based microsupercapacitors with high electrochemical performance[J]. Nano Letters, 2013, 13(1): 72-78. DOI:10.1021/nl3034976.

PECH D, BRUNET M, DUROU H, et al. Ultrahigh-power micrometre-sized supercapacitors based on onion-like carbon[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2010, 5(9): 651-654. DOI:10.1038/nnano.2010.162.

QI D P, LIU Y, LIU Z Y, et al. Design of architectures and materials in in-plane micro-supercapacitors: Current status and future challenges[J]. Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(5): 1602802. DOI:10.1002/adma.201602802.

LIU K, DUAN T Y, ZHANG F R, et al. Flexible electrode materials for emerging electronics: Materials, fabrication and applications[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2024, 12(32): 20606-20637. DOI:10.1039/d4ta01960a.

LI J Y, SONG X, ZHANG W M, et al. Microporous carbon nanofibers derived from poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) for high-performance supercapacitors[J]. Chemistry-A European Journal, 2020, 26(15): 3326-3334. DOI:10.1002/chem. 201904563.

LIU L L, NIU Z Q, CHEN J. Design and integration of flexible planar micro-supercapacitors[J]. Nano Research, 2017, 10(5): 1524-1544. DOI:10.1007/s12274-017-1448-z.

贾志军, 王俊, 王毅. 超级电容器电极材料的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2014, 3(4): 322-338. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4239.2014.04.006.

JIA Z J, WANG J, WANG Y. Research progress of the electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2014, 3(4): 322-338. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4239.2014.04.006.

SAHOO S, KUMAR R, JOANNI E, et al. Advances in pseudocapacitive and battery-like electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2022, 10(25): 13190-13240.

刘宏辉, 李冬辉, 钱其峰, 等. 氮化钒基电极材料的制备及其在超级电容器中的应用进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(8): 3110-3121.

LIU H H, LI D H, QIAN Q F, et al. Preparation of vanadium nitride-based electrode materials and their application progress in supercapacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(8): 3110-3121.

ETMAN A E, IBRAHIM A M, DARWISH F A M, et al. A 10 years-developmental study on conducting polymers composites for supercapacitors electrodes: A review for extensive data interpretation[J]. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2023, 122: 27-45. DOI:10.1016/j.jiec.2023.03.008.

ZHAO J H, WU J P, LI B, et al. Facile synthesis of polypyrrole nanowires for high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials[J]. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 2016, 26(3): 237-242. DOI:10.1016/j.pnsc.2016.05.015.

BHARDWAJ P, SINGH S, KHARANGARH P R, et al. Surfactant decorated polypyrrole-carbon materials composites electrodes for supercapacitor[J]. Diamond and Related Materials, 2020, 108: 107989. DOI:10.1016/j.diamond.2020.107989.

SOLLAMI DELEKTA S, ADOLFSSON K H, BENYAHIA ERDAL N, et al. Fully inkjet printed ultrathin microsupercapacitors based on graphene electrodes and a nano-graphene oxide electrolyte[J]. Nanoscale, 2019, 11(21): 10172-10177. DOI:10.1039/c9nr01427f.

ZHAO X H, LIU B C, PAN P, et al. Fabrication of reduced graphene oxide/manganese oxide ink for 3D-printing technology on the application of high-performance supercapacitors[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2021, 56(13): 8102-8114. DOI:10.1007/s10853-020-05761-6.

CHOI K H, YOO J, LEE C K, et al. All-inkjet-printed, solid-state flexible supercapacitors on paper[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2016, 9(9): 2812-2821.

RAMACHANDRAN T, RAJI R K, HUSSAIN I. Emerging trends in screen-printed supercapacitors for energy storage and power devices[J]. Sustainable Energy & Fuels, 2025, 9(22): 6116-6149.

TU Q, LI X R, XIONG Z Y, et al. Screen-printed advanced all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor using activated carbon on flexible nickel foam[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2022, 53: 105211. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2022.105211.

涂倩, 王婧璐, 郑茵茵, 等. 棒状V 3 O 7 ·H 2 O电极材料的制备及印刷超级电容器[J ] . 精细化工, 2024, 41(5): 1084-1091, 1160.

TU Q, WANG J L, ZHENG Y Y, et al. Fabrication of rod-like V 3 O 7 ·H 2 O electrode material and printed supercapacitor[J ] . Fine Chemicals, 2024, 41(5): 1084-1091, 1160.

郝璐, 于德梅. 聚吡咯纳米材料研究进展[J]. 高分子材料科学与工程, 2022, 38(6): 170-177, 181. DOI:10.16865/j.cnki.1000-7555.2022.0127.

HAO L, YU D M. Progress in polypyrrole nanomaterials[J]. Polymer Materials Science & Engineering, 2022, 38(6): 170-177, 181. DOI:10.16865/j.cnki.1000-7555.2022.0127.

SEH Z W, WANG H T, HSU P C, et al. Facile synthesis of Li 2 S–polypyrrole composite structures for high-performance Li 2 S cathodes[J ] . Energy & Environmental Science, 2014, 7(2): 672-676.

GAO H W, WANG X H, WANG G H, et al. An urchin-like MgCo 2 O 4 @PPy core-shell composite grown on Ni foam for a high-performance all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor[J ] . Nanoscale, 2018, 10(21): 10190-10202.

GEETANJALI, DHILLON S K, KUNDU P P. Development of polypyrrole nanotube coated with chitosan and nickel oxide as a biocompatible anode to enhance the power generation in microbial fuel cell[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2022, 539: 231595. DOI:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231595.

LI M, ZHANG X Y. Heat storage and conductive properties of the polypyrrole aerogel-based new shape-stabilized phase change composite[J]. Solar Energy, 2023, 252: 380-390. DOI:10.1016/j.solener.2023.02.011.

LI T Y, HE P, DONG Y N, et al. Polyoxometalate-based metal-organic framework/polypyrrole composites toward enhanced supercapacitor performance[J]. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2021, 2021(21): 2063-2069. DOI:10.1002/ejic.202100202.

ZHANG A Q, WANG L Z, ZHANG L S, et al. Preparation and electrochemical capacitance of poly(pyrrole-co-aniline)[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2010, 115(3): 1881-1885. DOI:10.1002/app.31345.

MAO H, DONG Y L, QIAN X R, et al. Enhancement of bonding strength of polypyrrole/cellulose fiber (PPy/CF) hybrid through lignosulfonate doping[J]. Cellulose, 2017, 24(5): 2255-2263. DOI:10.1007/s10570-017-1242-9.

JOO J, LEE J K, LEE S Y, et al. Physical characterization of electrochemically and chemically synthesized polypyrroles[J]. Macromolecules, 2000, 33(14): 5131-5136. DOI:10.1021/ma99 1418o.

OSAGAWARA M, FUNAHASHI K, DEMURA T, et al. Enhancement of electrical conductivity of polypyrrole by stretching[J]. Synthetic Metals, 1986, 14(1/2): 61-69. DOI:10.1016/0379-6779(86)90127-X.

ZHANG D C, ZHANG X, CHEN Y, et al. Enhanced capacitance and rate capability of graphene/polypyrrole composite as electrode material for supercapacitors[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2011, 196(14): 5990-5996. DOI:10.1016/j.jpowsour. 2011.02.090.

JIAO X, ZHANG C G, YUAN Z H. Facile and large-area preparation of polypyrrole film for low-haze transparent supercapacitors[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(48): 41299-41311.

TU Q, ZHANG Q, SUN X Y, et al. Construction of three-dimensional nickel-vanadium hydrotalcite with ball-flower architecture for screen-printed asymmetric supercapacitor[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2023, 615: 156347. DOI:10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.156347.

WANG J C, LIU Z W, ZHAO Y H. Alcohol hydroxides regulate the growth of Ni-Co layered double hydroxides on carbon fiber cloth as supercapacitor electrode materials[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2022, 403: 139645. DOI:10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139645.

ZHANG Q, LI Y M, ZHU J H, et al. Ultra-low temperature flexible supercapacitor based on hierarchically structured pristine polypyrrole membranes[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 420: 129712. DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2021.129712.

LIU J H, AN J W, MA Y X, et al. Synthesis of a graphene-polypyrrole nanotube composite and its application in supercapacitor electrode[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2012, 159(6): A828-A833. DOI:10.1149/2.093206jes.

MAO L, CHAN H S O, WU J S. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide intercalated graphene/polypyrrole nanowire composites for high performance supercapacitor electrode[J]. RSC Advances, 2012, 2(28): 10610-10617.

MA S, LI W Y, CAO J Q, et al. Flexible planar microsupercapacitors based on polypyrrole nanotubes[J]. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2021, 4(9): 8857-8865.

LU J W, ZHANG L S, XING C Y, et al. Polypyrrole and cotton fabric-based flexible micro-supercapacitors[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2022, 139(34): e52801. DOI:10.1002/app. 52801.

LIU L, LU Q, YANG S L, et al. All-printed solid-state microsupercapacitors derived from self-template synthesis of Ag@PPy nanocomposites[J]. Advanced Materials Technologies, 2018, 3(1): 1700206. DOI:10.1002/admt.201700206.

ZHOU H H, ZHAI H J. A highly flexible solid-state supercapacitor based on the carbon nanotube doped graphene oxide/polypyrrole composites with superior electrochemical performances[J]. Organic Electronics, 2016, 37: 197-206. DOI:10.1016/j.orgel. 2016.06.036.

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Preparation of few-layer corrugated Ti3C2 MXene and its supercapacitor performance

Research progress in water-in-salt electrolytes for supercapacitors

Artificial intelligence-enabled design of porous carbon materials for supercapacitors: Recent advances driven by data, models, and mechanisms

Bottlenecks in the cyclic stability of Prussian blue-based materials and performance optimization pathways for supercapacitor applications

Hydrogen energy storage system based on reversible solid oxide cells and efficiency optimization

Related Author

Liu Mengyin

Ding Jing

Wang Yongping

XUE Yaodong

SHI Ruiyang

TANG Liang

ZHANG Haitao

GUI Qiuyue

Related Institution

EVE Power Co., Ltd

Institute of Smart City and Intelligent Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University

School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology

Guangdong Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Energy and Physics, Huizhou University

⁰