Investigation on the Thermo-Mechanical Coupling Characteristics of Salt Caverns for Compressed Air Energy Storage

WANG Fan; CHEN Shiqing; ZHOU Xuezhi; XU Yujie; CHEN Haisheng

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0246

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Investigation on the Thermo-Mechanical Coupling Characteristics of Salt Caverns for Compressed Air Energy Storage

更新时间：2026-07-21

- Investigation on the Thermo-Mechanical Coupling Characteristics of Salt Caverns for Compressed Air Energy Storage
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Pages: 1-16(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.江苏大学流体机械工程技术研究中心，江苏镇江 212013
  2.中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京 100190,
  3.长时规模储能重点实验室，（中国科学院），北京100190
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0246
  CLC： TK 02
- Received：27 March 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-04-25，
  
  Online First：09 May 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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王帆, 陈仕卿, 周学志, 等. 压缩空气储能盐穴储气库的热力耦合特性研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16.

WANG Fan, CHEN Shiqing, ZHOU Xuezhi, et al. Investigation on the Thermo-Mechanical Coupling Characteristics of Salt Caverns for Compressed Air Energy Storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16.
王帆, 陈仕卿, 周学志, 等. 压缩空气储能盐穴储气库的热力耦合特性研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0246.

WANG Fan, CHEN Shiqing, ZHOU Xuezhi, et al. Investigation on the Thermo-Mechanical Coupling Characteristics of Salt Caverns for Compressed Air Energy Storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0246.

摘要

压缩空气储能（compressed air energy storage

CAES）技术是支撑新能源并网与电网调节的关键技术。然而，在压缩空气储能系统运行过程中，其重要组成部分盐穴储气库腔内气体的温度与压力随运行工况周期性变化，导致围岩发生蠕变变形，进而影响整个腔体的稳定性。针对该问题，本研究建立了考虑气体热力过程与围岩蠕变行为的热力耦合数值模型，在百兆瓦级工况下，系统分析了腔体高径比、运行压力区间和充气温度对盐穴储气库长期稳定性的影响。结果表明，在周期性充放气作用下，围岩变形呈现随压力与温度循环变化的特征，并伴随不可逆蠕变累积，最大位移出现于腔体侧面围岩中部与顶板部位，整体呈现向内收缩的趋势；腔体高径比的增加、运行压力的减小和充入气体温度的升高均会增大围岩的应力水平与位移，影响腔体的稳定性。综合稳定性与经济性分析，建议盐穴储气库选择高径比H：D≤1.75的腔体，最低运行压力宜不低于7 MPa，并合理控制充气温度以控制围岩的蠕变速率，实现储气性能与围岩稳定性的协同优化。本研究为压缩空气储能盐穴储气库的结构设计与运行参数选取提供了参考依据。

Abstract

Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a key technology for supporting large-scale renewable energy integration and power grid regulation. However

during the operation of CAES systems

the temperature and pressure of the gas within the salt cavern—an essential component—undergo periodic variations with operating conditions

which induce creep deformation in the surrounding rock and consequently affect the long-term stability of the cavern. To address this issue

a thermo-mechanical coupled numerical model considering gas thermodynamic processes and the creep behavior of surrounding rock is established in this study. Under typical 100 MW-scale operating conditions

the effects of cavern aspect ratio

operating pressure range

and gas injection temperature on the long-term stability of salt cavern gas storage are systematically investigated. The results indicate that

under cyclic charging and discharging conditions

the deformation of surrounding rock exhibits periodic variations with pressure and temperature

accompanied by irreversible creep accumulation. The maximum displacement occurs at the mid-height of the sidewall and the cavern roof

with an overall inward contraction trend. An increase in cavern aspect ratio

a decrease in operating pressure

and a rise in gas injection temperature all lead to higher stress levels and larger displacements in the surrounding rock

thereby adversely affecting cavern stability. Considering both stability and economic performance

it is recommended that the cavern aspect ratio be controlled at H:D≤1.75

the minimum operating pressure be maintained above 7 MPa

and the gas injection temperature be properly regulated to mitigate creep development in the surrounding rock. This study provides a useful reference for the structural design and operational parameter optimization of CAES salt cavern storage systems.

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