Research on layered equalization control system for lithium-ion battery packs

LI Yanbo; ZHAO Yian; LU Pan; CHANG Yue; LIU Tianxi; CHEN Hao; CHEN Junshuo

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0234

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Research on layered equalization control system for lithium-ion battery packs

更新时间：2026-05-15

- Research on layered equalization control system for lithium-ion battery packs
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Pages: 1-12(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.长安大学能源与电气工程学院，陕西西安 710018
  2.中铁长安重工有限公司，陕西西安 710032
  3.河南交投新能源发展有限公司，河南郑州 450000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0234
  CLC： TM 912
- Received：25 March 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-05-06，
  
  Online First：15 May 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李艳波, 赵一安, 卢盼, 等. 锂离子电池组分层均衡控制系统研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12.

LI Yanbo, ZHAO Yian, LU Pan, et al. Research on layered equalization control system for lithium-ion battery packs[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12.
李艳波, 赵一安, 卢盼, 等. 锂离子电池组分层均衡控制系统研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0234.

LI Yanbo, ZHAO Yian, LU Pan, et al. Research on layered equalization control system for lithium-ion battery packs[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0234.

摘要

为了解决传统的单层单电感均衡系统均衡效率低的问题，提出了一种面向串联电池组的分层均衡系统。该系统基于开关电感型均衡拓扑构建内层均衡电路，并在此基础上通过电感电容谐振电路实现组间各串联电池小组之间的能量转移，同时借助电感缓冲电路减小开关管开断时对电池组的冲击。在此基础上以电池组中各电池的荷电状态作为均衡目标参数

通过内、外层均衡电路分别进行电池组内和组间的均衡，以实现各单体电池以及电池小组之间的均衡。通过Simulink进行仿真，并与传统的单层单电感均衡系统进行对比。仿真结果表明，分层均衡系统在电池组静置、充电和放电工况下的均衡效率分别提升了15.0%、14.5%和16.4%；其中内层组内均衡方法可在3 s内完成小组内各单体电池的均衡，而外层组间均衡方法在静置、充电及放电工况下，针对电池组可在11 s内实现组间均衡。该系统能够有效实现电池组荷电状态的一致性均衡，且有效地避免了传统单层单电感均衡系统在电池数量较大情况下均衡速度较慢的缺陷。

Abstract

To address the low balancing efficiency of traditional single-layer single-inductor balancing systems

a hierarchical balancing system for series-connected battery packs is proposed. The system constructs an inner-layer balancing circuit based on a switched-inductor equalization topology. On this basis

an inductor-capacitor resonant circuit is adopted to achieve energy transfer among series-connected battery sub-modules

while an inductor buffer circuit is introduced to reduce the impact on the battery pack during switching transitions. Furthermore

with the state of charge (SOC) of individual batteries as the balancing target parameter

both the inner and outer balancing circuits perform intra-module and inter-module balancing

respectively

thereby achieving equilibrium among individual cells and battery sub-modules. Simulations were conducted in Simulink and compared with the conventional single-layer single-inductor balancing system. The results show that the hierarchical balancing system improves the balancing efficiency by 15.0%

14.5%

and 16.4% under static

charging

and discharging conditions

respectively. Specifically

the inner-layer balancing method can complete the balancing of individual cells within a series-connected sub-module within 3 s

while the outer-layer inter-module balancing method achieves balancing within 11 s under static

charging

and discharging conditions. The proposed system effectively ensures SOC consistency across the battery pack and overcomes the slow balancing speed of traditional single-layer single-inductor systems when dealing with a large number of cells.

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references

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