Flow and Heat Transfer in an Air-Cooled Battery Thermal Management System: Experiments and Simulations

Yang Zulin; Sun Wenxuan; Li Mingfei; Rao Mumin; He Shunjiang; Chen Wei

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0218

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Flow and Heat Transfer in an Air-Cooled Battery Thermal Management System: Experiments and Simulations

更新时间：2026-05-07

- Flow and Heat Transfer in an Air-Cooled Battery Thermal Management System: Experiments and Simulations
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Pages: 1-12(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.四川大学空天科学与工程学院，四川成都6100651
  2.广东能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司，广东广州 510630
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0218
  CLC： TK 02
- Received：16 March 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-05-02，
  
  Online First：06 May 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
杨祖林, 孙文轩, 李明飞, 等. 电池箱风冷热管理系统流动传热特性的试验与数值研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12.

Yang Zulin, Sun Wenxuan, Li Mingfei, et al. Flow and Heat Transfer in an Air-Cooled Battery Thermal Management System: Experiments and Simulations[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12.
杨祖林, 孙文轩, 李明飞, 等. 电池箱风冷热管理系统流动传热特性的试验与数值研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0218.

Yang Zulin, Sun Wenxuan, Li Mingfei, et al. Flow and Heat Transfer in an Air-Cooled Battery Thermal Management System: Experiments and Simulations[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0218.

摘要

在电池储能装置设计中，风冷是常用的结构简单、成本低廉的热管理方式。本文以大容量磷酸铁锂储能电池箱为对象，采用试验测量与数值计算相结合的方法，研究了电池充放电过程中风冷热管理系统的耦合流动传热特性，分析了风道布局和风冷流速对热管理系统流动传热特性的影响。研究结果表明：风道设计是影响换热性能的核心因素，风冷流道长度流向距离越短，热管理作用效果越好，其中，在风速5m/s时，短风道布局的方案二（电池横向排列+中部拓宽风道）较方案一（电池纵向布局+长直风道）电池均温低2℃左右，仅入口流通盲区存在局部温度积聚；风冷流速的调控作用同样显著，风冷流速增大可降低电池平均温度和电池间温差，但不改变各电池的温度分布形态，对于横向风道布局而言，当风冷流速增大时，各电池的温度均匀性有了大幅改善，这源于流道长度与风冷热沉的协同作用。本文明确了流道长度优化、入口布局设计及流速调控的核心优化方向，为大容量风冷式电池箱热管理系统的设计优化提供了理论支撑与工程参考，助力提升储能系统运行安全性与经济性。

Abstract

In the design of battery energy storage systems

air cooling is a commonly used thermal management method due to its simple structure and low cost. This study focuses on a large-capacity lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery pack. Using a combined approach of experimental measurement and numerical simulation

the coupled flow and heat transfer characteristics of the air-cooling thermal management system during battery charging and discharging are investigated. The effects of air duct layout and cooling airflow velocity on the flow and heat transfer performance of the thermal management system are analyzed. The results show that duct design is the core factor affecting heat exchange performance. A shorter flow length along the duct direction leads to better thermal management. Specifically

at an airflow velocity of 5 m/s

the average battery temperature in Scheme 2 (transverse battery arrangement + a widened central duct) is approximately 2℃ lower than that in Scheme 1 (longitudinal battery arrangement + a straight duct)

with localized temperature accumulation only occurring in the flow blind zone near the inlet. The regulation of airflow velocity also plays a significant role. Increasing the airflow velocity reduces both the average battery temperature and the temperature difference between batteries

although it does not alter the temperature distribution pattern of individual batteries. For the transverse duct layout

an increase in airflow velocity greatly improves the temperature uniformity among batteries

which stems from the synergistic effect of duct length and cooling capacity. This study clarifies the core optimization directions: duct length optimization

inlet layout design

and flow velocity regulation. It provides theoretical support and engineering references for the design optimization of thermal management systems in large-capacity air-cooled battery packs

contributing to enhanced operational safety and economic efficiency of energy storage systems.

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