Research on state of health prediction method of lithium-ion batteries based on multi-feature fusion MVMD-VSN_GRU

WU Kangjia; JI Yupei; JI Pengyu; YUAN Zeyu; CUI Fangshu; QIAO Gangzhu

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0198

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Research on state of health prediction method of lithium-ion batteries based on multi-feature fusion MVMD-VSN_GRU

Energy Storage Test\: Methods and Evaluation | 更新时间：2026-07-28

- Research on state of health prediction method of lithium-ion batteries based on multi-feature fusion MVMD-VSN_GRU
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 7, Pages: 2802-2816(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中北大学计算机科学与技术学院，山西太原 030051
  2.中北大学极限环境光电动态测试技术与仪器全国重点实验室，山西太原 030051
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0198
  CLC： TM 912
- Received：10 March 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-04-29，
  
  Online First：28 July 2026，
  
  Published：28 July 2026
- 稿件说明：
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吴康佳, 姬钰培, 冀鹏宇, 等. 多特征融合的MVMD-VSN_GRU锂离子电池健康状态预测方法研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(7): 2802-2816.

WU Kangjia, JI Yupei, JI Pengyu, et al. Research on state of health prediction method of lithium-ion batteries based on multi-feature fusion MVMD-VSN_GRU[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(7): 2802-2816.
吴康佳, 姬钰培, 冀鹏宇, 等. 多特征融合的MVMD-VSN_GRU锂离子电池健康状态预测方法研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(7): 2802-2816. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0198.

WU Kangjia, JI Yupei, JI Pengyu, et al. Research on state of health prediction method of lithium-ion batteries based on multi-feature fusion MVMD-VSN_GRU[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(7): 2802-2816. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0198.

摘要

在新能源汽车、大规模储能电站等领域快速发展的背景下，精准预测锂离子电池健康状态（state of health，SOH）对于保障电池系统安全稳定运行以及延长服役寿命具有重要意义。针对锂离子电池健康状态直接性能参数获取困难，以及传统时序预测模型中单一变量预测精度偏低、多变量权重固定导致SOH预测精度受限的问题，本研究提出一种基于变量选择网络（variable selection network，VSN）与门控循环单元（gated recurrent unit，GRU）的多特征融合的锂离子电池SOH预测模型。该方法从电池充放电循环数据中提取与SOH高度相关的健康因子（health indicator，HI）构成多元特征序列，采用多元变分模态分解对此多特征序列进行协同自适应分解，以充分提取并保留变量间的耦合时频特征。在每个分解得到的多元子序列上，构建基于袋獾优化算法超参数寻优的VSN_GRU模型，实现对关键健康因子的动态感知与建模预测。最后，将各分解分量的预测结果叠加求和得到最终SOH预测值。在NASA电池数据集与WZU随机电池退化数据上的实验结果表明，相较于消融实验中的对比模型，本模型可有效提升锂离子电池SOH的预测精度。

Abstract

Against the backdrop of the rapid development of new energy vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems

accurate prediction of the state of health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries is of great importance for ensuring the safe and stable operation of battery systems and extending their service life. To address the challenges associated with the direct acquisition of lithium-ion battery health parameters

as well as the limited SOH prediction accuracy of traditional time-series forecasting models caused by low single-variable prediction precision and multivariable weighting schemes

this study proposes a multi-feature fusion SOH prediction model based on a variable selection network (VSN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU). First

health indicators (HIs) with high correlations to SOH are extracted from battery charge-discharge cycle data to construct a multivariate feature sequence. Subsequently

the sequence is adaptively and collaboratively decomposed using multivariate variational mode decomposition to fully extract and preserve the coupled time-frequency characteristics among variables. For each decomposed multivariate subsequence

a VSN_GRU model optimized using the Tasmanian Devil Optimization algorithm is developed to achieve dynamic perception

modeling

and prediction of key HIs. Finally

the overall SOH prediction is obtained by aggregating the prediction results of all decomposed components. Experimental results based on the NASA battery dataset and the WZU random battery degradation dataset demonstrate that

compared with benchmark models used in the ablation experiments

the proposed model substantially improves the prediction accuracy of lithium-ion battery SOH.

关键词

Keywords

references

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