Research progress on fluorine-containing vanadium-based phosphates for sodium-ion batteries

LV Zilong; ZHANG Zhihao; BAI Ying; ZHAO Junmei

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0142

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Research progress on fluorine-containing vanadium-based phosphates for sodium-ion batteries

更新时间：2026-04-27

- Research progress on fluorine-containing vanadium-based phosphates for sodium-ion batteries
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Pages: 1-16(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院过程工程研究所，北京100190
  2.河南大学物理与电子学院，河南开封 475004
  3.中国科学院大学，北京100190
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0142
  CLC： TM912;TK02
- Received：06 February 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-04-22，
  
  Online First：27 April 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
吕子龙, 张志豪, 白莹, 等. 钠离子电池含氟钒基磷酸盐正极研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16.

LV Zilong, ZHANG Zhihao, BAI Ying, et al. Research progress on fluorine-containing vanadium-based phosphates for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16.
吕子龙, 张志豪, 白莹, 等. 钠离子电池含氟钒基磷酸盐正极研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0142.

LV Zilong, ZHANG Zhihao, BAI Ying, et al. Research progress on fluorine-containing vanadium-based phosphates for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0142.

摘要

推动钠离子电池（SIBs）产业化应用的核心在于开发兼具高性能与低成本的电极材料。正极作为成本与性能的关键决定因素，受到了人们的广泛关注。其中，NASICON型钒基磷酸盐正极材料因其卓越的结构稳定性、快速的离子传导特性及适中的工作电压等综合优势，被视为最具应用潜力的正极体系之一，但是这类材料仍存在电子导电性差及成本偏高等问题。改善电子导电性差的方法通常以包覆导电碳为主，而降低成本主要有以下几个方法。一是基于材料的分子设计，引入价格低廉的过渡金属离子掺杂，取代昂贵的V元素，从而降低材料的Bill of Materials(BOM)成本；二是提升该类材料的放电容量和工作电压，变相削弱较高的BOM成本带来的负面影响；其次就是改进材料的制备工艺，降低能耗，使得制备工艺简单化、绿色化。此外，引入电负性较强的氟元素（F），可有效提高平均工作电压，从而提升电池的能量密度。本文重点围绕具有高能量密度的含F钒基磷酸盐正极——Na

(VPO

)

(NVPF)、Na

(VOPO

)

F (NVOPF)（两者理论能量密度约：

470 Wh/kg）以及NaVPO

F (KTP-NVPF)（理论能量密度约：550 Wh/kg），全面阐述其晶体结构储钠机制、可控制备方法，以及改性优化手段，通过对材料结构-合成-性能之间构效关系的总结，为面向规模储能领域的钠离子电池高能量密度聚阴离子正极材料的开发与工程化提供实践指导。

Abstract

The core to advancing the industrial application of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) lies in developing electrode materials that combine high performance with low cost. As a key determinant of both cost and performance

cathodes have attracted extensive attention. Among these

NASICON-type vanadium phosphate cathode materials are regarded as one of the most promising cathode systems due to their outstanding structural stability

rapid ion conductivity

and moderate operating voltage. However

these materials still face challenges such as poor electronic conductivity and relatively high costs. Methods to improve electronic conductivity primarily involve coating with conductive carbon

while cost reduction is achieved through the following approaches: First

molecular design of the material introduces inexpensive transition metal ion doping to replace the costly V element

thereby reducing the Bill of Materials (BOM) cost. Second

enhancing the discharge capacity and operating voltage of these materials indirectly mitigates the negative impact of high BOM costs. Additionally

improving the preparation process reduces energy consumption

simplifying and greening the manufacturing process. Furthermore

incorporating highly electronegative fluorine (F) effectively increases the average operating voltage

thereby boosting the battery's energy density. This paper focuses on high-energy-density fluorine-containing vanadium phosphate cathodes—Na

(VPO

)

(NVPF)

(VOPO

)

F (NVOPF)

(theoretical energy density for both : approximately 470 Wh/kg) and NaVPO

F (KTP-NVPF) (theoretical energy density : approximately 550 Wh/kg). By summarizing the structure-synthesis-performance relationships

this work provides pract

ical guidance for developing and engineering high-energy-density polyanion cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries targeting large-scale energy storage applications.

关键词

Keywords

references

Obama B. The irreversible momentum of clean energy[J]. Science, 2017, 355(6321): 126-129. DOI: 10.1126/science.aam6284.

Deng X Y, Li J J, Ma L Y, et al. Three-dimensional porous carbon materials and their composites as electrodes for electrochemical energy storage systems[J]. Materials Chemistry Frontiers, 2019, 3(11): 2221-2245. DOI: 10.1039/C9QM00425D.

Zeng X X, Xu Y T, Yin Y X, et al. Recent advances in nanostructured electrode-electrolyte design for safe and next-generation electrochemical energy storage[J]. Materials Today Nano, 2019, 8: 100057. DOI: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2019.100057.

Ji H C, Wang J D, Ma j, et al. Fundamentals, status and challenges of direct recycling technologies for lithium ion batteries[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2023, 52(23): 8194-8244. DOI: 10.1039/D3CS00254C.

Wu F X, Maier J, Yan Y. Guidelines and trends for next-generation rechargeable lithium and lithium-ion batteries[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2020, 49(5): 1569-1614. DOI: 10.1039/C7CS00863E.

曹余良. 钠离子电池机遇与挑战[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(03): 757-761. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0026.

Cao Y L. Opportunities and Challenges of Sodium-Ion Batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(03): 757-761. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0026.

王跃生, 容晓晖, 徐淑银, 等. 室温钠离子储能电池电极材料研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2016, 5(03): 268-284. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4239.2016.03.003.

Wang Y S, Rong X H, Xu S Y, et al. Research progress on electrode materials for room temperature sodium-ion energy storage batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2016, 5(03): 268-284. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4239.2016.03.003.

Liu Y, Rong X H,Xie F, et al. Unlocking the multi-electron transfer reaction in NASICON-type cathode materials[J]. Materials Futures, 2023, 2(2): 023502. DOI: 10.1088/2752-5724/acc7bb.

Xu C L, Zhao J M, Yang C, et al. Polyanionic Cathode Materials for Practical Na-Ion Batteries toward High Energy Density and Long Cycle Life[J]. ACS Central Science, 2023, 9(9): 1721-1736. DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00907.

Zhang X S, Xu C L,Bai Y , et al. NaVPO 4 X (X=O, F) as cathodes for advanced high-energy Na-ion batteries[J ] . Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 491: 152147. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.152147.

Ge H, Kong F, Jiang S K, et al. Advancing sodium-ion batteries toward commercialization: A review on phosphate and sulfate-based polyanionic cathodes[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 81: 104468. DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104468.

Ahsan Z, Cai Z F, Wang S, et al. Recent Development of Phosphate Based Polyanion Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries[J]. 2024, 14(27): 2400373. DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202400373.

Hao Z Q, Shi X Y, Yang Z, et al. The Distance Between Phosphate-Based Polyanionic Compounds and Their Practical Application For Sodium-Ion Batteries[J]. 2024, 36(7): 2305135. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305135.

Guo Y J, Jin R X, Fan M, et al. Sodium layered oxide cathodes: properties, practicality and prospects[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2024, 53(15): 7828-7874. DOI: 10.1039/D4CS00415A.

Ren H X, Li Y, Ni Q, et al. Unraveling Anionic Redox for Sodium Layered Oxide Cathodes: Breakthroughs and Perspectives[J]. Advanced Materials, 2022, 34(8): 2106171. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106171.

Gao R M, Zheng Z J, Wang P F, et al. Recent advances and prospects of layered transition metal oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2020, 30: 9-26. DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2020.04.040.

Zhao Y S, Liu Q, Zhao X H, et al. Structure evolution of layered transition metal oxide cathode materials for Na-ion batteries: Issues, mechanism and strategies[J]. Materials Today, 2023, 62: 271-295. DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2022.11.024.

Zhang T, Li Y S, Song Z H, et al. Insights into chemical-mechanical degradation and modification strategies of layered oxide cathode materials of sodium ion batteries[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2025, 103: 294-315. DOI: 10.1016/j.jechem.2024.11.068.

党荣彬, 陆雅翔, 容晓晖, 等. 钠离子电池关键材料研究及工程化探索进展[J]. 科学通报, 2022, 67(30): 3546-3564. DOI: 10.1360/TB-2022-0245.

Dang R B, L Y X, R X H, et al. Research on key materials for sodium-ion batteries and exploration of their engineering application progress [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2022, 67(30): 3546-3564. DOI: 10.1360/TB-2022-0245.

陆雅翔, 赵成龙, 容晓晖, 等. 室温钠离子电池材料及器件研究进展[J]. 物理学报, 2018, 67(12): 39-49. DOI: 10.7498/aps.67.20180847.

Lu Y X, Z C L, R X H, et al. Research progress in room temperature sodium-ion battery materials and devices [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(12): 39-49. DOI: 10.7498/aps.67.20180847.

Zhao C L, Lu Y X, Chen L Q, et al. Ni-based cathode materials for Na-ion batteries[J]. Nano Research, 2019, 12(9): 2018-2030. DOI: 10.1007/s12274-019-2451-3.

Qian J F, Wu C, Cao Y L, et al. Prussian Blue Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries and Other Ion Batteries[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(17): 1702619. DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201702619.

Peng J, Zhang W,Liu Q N, et al. Prussian Blue Analogues for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Past, Present, and Future[J]. Advanced Materials, 2022, 34(15): 2108384. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108384.

Oh G, Kim J, Kansara S, et al. Experimental and computational optimization of Prussian blue analogues as high-performance cathodes for sodium-ion batteries: A review[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2024, 93: 627-662. DOI: 10.1016/j.jechem.2024.02.013.

Goel G, Sharma M, Tripathi S K. Prussian blue analogue as cathode materials in sodium ion batteries: A review[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 126: 116995. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2025.116995.

You Y, Dolocan A, Li W, et al. Understanding the Air-Exposure Degradation Chemistry at a Nanoscale of Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries[J]. Nano Letters, 2019, 19(1): 182-188. DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03637.

Huang Y F, Zhang W J, Zhou Y F, et al. Air Corrosion of Layered Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Cation Mixing and a Practical Suppression Strategy[J]. ACS Nano, 2024, 18(20): 13106-13116. DOI:10.1021/acsnano.4c01962.

Xu C L, Cai H R, Chen Q L, et al. Origin of Air-Stability for Transition Metal Oxide Cathodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022, 14(4): 5338-5345. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21103.

Li H L, Wang J Y, Xu S, et al. Universal Design Strategy for Air-Stable Layered Na-Ion Cathodes toward Sustainable Energy Storage[J]. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(27): 2403073. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403073.

Zhao X, Zhang W J, Mao J J, et al. Structure-Dependent Degradation Mechanism of Layered Sodium Oxides upon Air Exposure[J]. ACS Nano, 2025, 19(27): 24736-24746. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c18264.

Feng J, Luo S H, Cai K X, et al. Research progress of tunnel-type sodium manganese oxide cathodes for SIBs[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2022, 33(5): 2316-2326. DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.077.

Guo C G, Wang J Q, Zhu J H,et al. Highly Reversible Anionic Redox in Tunnel-Type Oxides Contributes to Enhanced Capacity as Cathode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2025, 17(31): 44440-44448. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c08007.

Wang Y S, Liu J, Lee B, et al. Ti-substituted tunnel-type Na 0.44 MnO 2 oxide as a negative electrode for aqueous sodium-ion batteries[J ] . Nature Communications, 2015, 6(1): 6401. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7401.

Ding X Y, Zhang Q B, Wang Z Y, et al. An ultra-stable Mn-based Prussian blue compound effectively suppresses Jahn–Teller distortion as a superior cathode material for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2024, 12(40): 27598-27609. DOI: 10.1039/D4TA05525J.

Yan C X, Zhao A L,Zhong F P, et al. A low-defect and Na-enriched Prussian blue lattice with ultralong cycle life for sodium-ion battery cathode[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2020, 332: 135533. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135533.

Wu X Y, Wu C H, Wei C X, et al. Highly Crystallized Na 2 CoFe(CN) 6 with Suppressed Lattice Defects as Superior Cathode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries[J ] . ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2016, 8(8): 5393-5399. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12620.

Xu C L, Liu Y, Han S, et al. Rational Design of Aqueous Na Ion Batteries Toward High Energy Density and Long Cycle Life[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2025, 147(8): 7039-7049. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c18168.

Ni Q, Bai Y, Wu F, et al. Polyanion-Type Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries[J]. Advanced Science, 2017, 4(3): 1600275. DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600275.

Senthilkumar B, Murugesan C, Sharma L, et al. Mixed Polyanion Cathodes: An Overview of Mixed Polyanionic Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries[J]. Small Methods, 2019, 3(4): 1970012. DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201970012.

Zhao A L, Fang Y J, Ai X P, et al. Mixed polyanion cathode materials: Toward stable and high-energy sodium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2021, 60: 635-648. DOI: 10.1016/j.jechem.2021.01.014.

Li W Q, Jiang L W, Zhang Z J, et al. Tailoring monoclinic Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 -based cathode via bimetallic substitution for high-energy and long-lifespan Na-ion batteries[J ] . Materials Today Energy, 2024, 45: 101678. DOI: 10.1016/j.mtener.2024.101678.

Zhang X S, Jiang L W, Xu C L, et al. Designing high-performance phosphate cathode toward Ah-level Na-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2024, 72: 103764. DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103764.

Wang D, Cai P, Zou G Q, et al. Ultra-stable carbon-coated sodium vanadium phosphate as cathode material for sodium-ion battery[J]. Rare Metals, 2022, 41(1): 115-124. DOI: 10.1007/s12598-021-01743-y.

Hu, J Q, Zhao W X, Wang Y Q, et al. The Role of Fluorine in Polyanionic Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries[J]. Small Methods, 2025, 9, 2402099. DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202402099.

Deng G, Chao D L, Guo Y W, et al. Graphene quantum dots-shielded Na 3 (VO) 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F@C nanocuboids as robust cathode for Na-ion battery[J ] . Energy Storage Materials, 2016, 5:198-204. DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2016.07.007.

Yin Y M, Xiong F Y, Pei C Y, et al. Robust three-dimensional graphene skeleton encapsulated Na 3 V 2 O 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F nanoparticles as a high-rate and long-life cathode of sodium-ion batteries[J ] . Nano Energy, 2017, 41: 452-459. DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.09.056.

Liu Q, Wang D X, Yang X, et al. Carbon-coated Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 nanoparticles embedded in a mesoporous carbon matrix as a potential cathode material for sodium-ion batteries with superior rate capability and long-term cycle life[J ] . Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2015, 3(43): 21478-21485. DOI:10.1039/C5TA05939A.

Qi Y R, Mu L Q, Zhao J M, et al. Superior Na-Storage Performance of Low-Temperature-Synthesized Na 3 (VO 1-x PO 4 ) 2 F 1+2x (0≤x≤1) Nanoparticles for Na-Ion Batteries[J ] . Angewandte Chemie International E dition, 2015, 54(34): 9911-9916. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503188.

Shen X, Zhao J M, Li Y Q, et al. Controlled Synthesis of Na 3 (VOPO 4 ) 2 F Cathodes with an Ultralong Cycling Performance[J ] . ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2019, 2(10): 7474-7482. DOI; 10.1021/acsaem.9b01458.

Zhang Q Q, Shen X, Zhou Q, et al. Large Scale One-Pot Synthesis of Monodispersed Na 3 (VOPO 4 ) 2 F Cathode for Na-Ion Batteries[J ] . Energy Material Advances, 2022: 2022. DOI: 10.34133/2022/9828020.

Le Meins J M, Crosnier-Lopez M P, Hemon-Ribaud A, et al. Phase Transitions in the Na 3 M 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 Family (M=Al 3+ , V 3+ , Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ , Ga 3+ ): Synthesis, Thermal, Structural, and Magnetic Studies[J ] . Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 1999, 148(2): 260-277. DOI: 10.1006/jssc.1999.8447.

Liu Z G, Hu Y Y, Dunstan M T, et al. Local Structure and Dynamics in the Na Ion Battery Positive Electrode Material Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 [J ] . Chemistry of Materials, 2014, 26(8): 2513-2521. DOI: 10.1021/cm403728w.

Bianchini M, Fauth F, Brisset N, et al. Comprehensive Investigation of the Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 –NaV 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 System by Operando High Resolution Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction[J ] . Chemistry of Materials, 2015, 27(8): 3009-3020. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b00361.

Massa W, Yakubovich O V, Dimitrova O V. Crystal structure of a new sodium vanadyl(Ⅳ) fluoride phosphate Na 3 {V 2 O 2 F[PO 4 ] 2 }[J ] . Solid State Sciences, 2002, 4(4): 495-501. DOI: 10.1016/S1293-2558(02)01283-9.

Sauvage F, Quarez E, Tarascon J M, et al. Crystal structure and electrochemical properties vs. Na + of the sodium fluorophosphate Na 1.5 VOPO 4 F 0.5 [J ] . Solid State Sciences, 2006, 8(10): 1215-1221. DOI:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2006.05.009.

Xu C L, Fu Q, Hua W B, et al. Overcoming the rate-determining kinetics of the Na 3 V 2 O 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F cathode for ultrafast sodium storage by heterostructured dual-carbon decoration[J ] . Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2021. 9(19): 11827-11838. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06510.

Chao D L, Lai C H, Liang P, et al. Sodium Vanadium Fluorophosphates (NVOPF) Array Cathode Designed for High-Rate Full Sodium Ion Storage Device[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(16): 1800058. DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201800058.

Li S Q, Lu X Y, Li Y, et al. Dynamic Lock-And-Release Mechanism Enables Reduced ΔG at Low Temperatures for High-Performance Polyanionic Cathode in Sodium-Ion Batteries[J]. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(49): 2413013. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202413013.

Tsirlin A A, Nath R, Abakumov A M, et al. Phase separation and frustrated square lattice magnetism of Na 1.5 VOPO 4 F 0.5 [J ] . Physical Review B, 2011, 84(1): 014429. DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVB.84.014429.

Sharma N, Serras P, Palomares V, et al. Sodium Distribution and Reaction Mechanisms of a Na 3 V 2 O 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F Electrode during Use in a Sodium-Ion Battery[J ] . Chemistry of Materials, 2014, 26(11): 3391-3402. DOI 10.1021/cm5005104.

Bianchini M, Xiao P H, Wang Y, et al. Additional Sodium Insertion into Polyanionic Cathodes for Higher-Energy Na-Ion Batteries[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2017, 7(18): 1700514. DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201700514.

Lai C H, Ashby D S, Bashian N H, et al. Designing the Charge Storage Properties of Li-Exchanged Sodium Vanadium Fluorophosphate for Powering Implantable Biomedical Devices[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2019, 9(18): 1900226. DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201900226.

Fedotov S S, Samarin A S, Antipov E V. KTiOPO 4 -structured electrode materials for metal-ion batteries: A review[J ] . Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 480: 228840. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228840.

Benmokhtar S, El J A, Chaminade J P, et al. Synthesis, structure, magnetic susceptibility and Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopies of the new oxyphosphate Fe 0.50 TiO(PO 4 )[J ] . Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2006, 179(12): 3709-3717. DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2006.08.004.

Mu L Q, Ben L B, Hu Y S, et al. Novel 1.5 V anode materials, ATiOPO 4 (A = NH 4 , K, Na), for room-temperature sodium-ion batteries[J ] . Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2016, 4(19):7141-7147. DOI: 10.1039/C6TA00891G.

Shraer S D, Luchinin N D, Trussov I A, et al. Development of vanadium-based polyanion positive electrode active materials for high-voltage sodium-based batteries[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 4097. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31768-5.

Komayko A I, Shraer S D, Fedotov S S, et al. Advantages of a Solid Solution over Biphasic Intercalation for Vanadium-Based Polyanion Cathodes in Na-Ion Batteries[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2023, 15(37): 43767-43777. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08915.

Park Y U,Seo D H, Kim H, et al. A Family of High-Performance Cathode Materials for Na-ion Batteries, Na 3 (VO 1-x PO 4 ) 2 F 1+2x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1): Combined First-Principles and Experimental Study[J ] . Advanced Functional Materials, 2014, 24(29): 4603-4614. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201400561.

Chihara K, Kitajou A, Gocheva I D, et al. Cathode properties of Na 3 M 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 [M=Ti, Fe, V ] for sodium-ion batteries[J ] . Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 227: 80-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.10.034.

Gu Z Y, Guo J Z,Sun Z H, et al. Carbon-coating-increased working voltage and energy density towards an advanced Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 @C cathode in sodium-ion batteries[J ] . Science Bulletin, 2020, 65(9): 702-710. DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.01.018.

Guo C, Yang J W, Cui Z Y, et al. In-situ structural evolution analysis of Zr-doped Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 coated by N-doped carbon layer as high-performance cathode for sodium-ion batteries[J ] . Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2022, 65: 514-523. DOI: 10.1016/j.jechem.2021.06.015.

Wang A, Li X H, Yang B C, et al. Valence state of V combined with D-tartaric acid and heat treatment affect sodium storage performance of NASICON-type multiphase composite[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2024, 651: 159235. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.159235.

Qi Y R, Mu L Q, Zhao J M, et al. pH-regulative synthesis of Na 3 (VPO 4 ) 2 F 3 nanoflowers and their improved Na cycling stability[J ] . Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2016, 4(19): 7178-7184. DOI: 10.1039/C6TA01023G.

Qi Y R, Mu L Q, Yang C, et al. Comprehensive Studies on the Hydrothermal Strategy for the Synthesis of Na 3 (VO 1-x PO 4 ) 2 F 1+2x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) and their Na-Storage Performance[J ] . Small Methods, 2019, 3(4): 1800111. DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201800111.

Zhu L, Zhang Q,Sun D, et al. Engineering the crystal orientation of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 @rGO microcuboids for advanced sodium-ion batteries[J ] . Materials Chemistry Frontiers, 2020, 4(10): 2932-2942. DOI: 10.1039/D0QM00364F.

Qi Y R, Tong Z Z, Zhao J M, et al. Scalable Room-Temperature Synthesis of Multi-shelled Na 3 (VOPO 4 ) 2 F Microsphere Cathodes[J ] . Joule, 2018, 2(11): 2348-2363. DOI:10.1016/j.joule.2018.07.027.

Shen X, Zhou Q, Han M, et al. Rapid mechanochemical synthesis of polyanionic cathode with improved electrochemical performance for Na-ion batteries[J]. Nature Communications, 2021, 12(1): 2848. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23132-w.

Xu C L, Chen J H, Feng G L, et al. A novel KTP-type NaTiPO 4 F electrode material for high-performance Na-ion batteries[J ] . Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 76: 104156. DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104156.

Zhang L L, Ma D, Li T, et al. Polydo pamine-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Carbon-Covered Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 Cathode Material for High-Performance Na-Ion Batteries[J ] . ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(43): 36851-36859. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10299.

Shi C L, Xu J L, Tao T, et al. Zero-Strain Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 @Rgo/CNT Composite as a Wide-Temperature-Tolerance Cathode for Na-Ion Batteries with Ultrahigh-Rate Performance[J ] . Small Methods, 2024, 8(3): 2301277. DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301277.

Kumar P R, Jung Y H, Wang J E, et al. Na 3 V 2 O 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F-MWCNT nanocomposites as a stable and high rate cathode for aqueous and non-aqueous sodium-ion batteries[J ] . Journal of Power Sources, 2016, 324: 421-427. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.096.

Xu C L, Fu Q, Hua W B, et al. Overcoming Kinetic Limitations of Polyanionic Cathode toward High-Performance Na-Ion Batteries[J]. ACS Nano, 2024, 18(28): 18758-18768. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06510.

Yang J, Liu N J, Jiang G L, et al. Synthesis and investigation of sodium storage properties in Na 3 V 1.9 Fe 0.1 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 @N-CNTs cathode material for sodium ion batteries[J ] . Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 485:149834. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.149834.

Guo S K, Peng J, Sharma N, et al. Optimizing Sc-Doped Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 /C as a High-Performance Cathode Material for Sodium-Ion Battery Applications[J ] . Chemistry of Materials, 2025, 37(4): 1500-1512. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c02872.

Zaid M, Karuppusamy M, Patra B, et al. Synergistic Mn-Cr Co-doping in Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 O 2 F Promising Cathode: Unlocking Superior Performance for Next-Generation Sodium-Ion Batteries[J ] . Small, 2025, 21(35): 2504006. DOI: 10.1002/smll.202504006.

Sun M J, Sun Y J, Ma H, et al. High-Entropy Doping Enabling Ultrahigh Power Density for Advanced Sodium-Ion Batteries[J]. ACS Nano, 2025, 19(19): 18386-18396. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5c01312.

Su G S, Wang Y J, Mu J W, et al. Insights into Tiny High-Entropy Doping Promising Efficient Sodium Storage of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 O 2 F toward Sodium-Ion Batteries[J ] . Advanced Energy Materials, 2025, 15(11): 2403282. DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202403282.

Zhang Y S, Hu Y Z, Feng T T, et al. Mg-doped Na 3 V 2-x Mg x (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 @C sodium ion cathodes with enhanced stability and rate capability[J ] . Journal of Power Sources, 2024, 602, 234337. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.234337.

Yu H, Jing H B, Gao Y, et al. Unlocking the Sodium Storage Potential in Fluorophosphate Cathodes: Electrostatic Interaction Lowering Versus Structural Disordering[J]. Advanced Materials, 2025, 37: 2400229. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400229.

Hua Y K, Song Z Z, Yang K R, et al. High-Entropy Doped KTiOPO 4 -Type Vanadium-Based Fluorophosphate Cathodes for High-Energy Sodium-Ion Batteries[J ] . Advanced Functional Materials, 2025, 36, e12341. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202512341.

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Research progress of NASICON-type phosphate cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Abuse performance of pouch-type Na-ion batteries based on Prussian blue cathode

Reviews of selected 100 recent papers for lithium batteries (Dec. 28, 2025 to Jan. 28, 2026)

Recent advances in a controllable synthesis of LiMn_xFe₁_-_xPO₄ cathodes via co-precipitation methods

Related Author

JIN Yuxuan

ZHOU Quan

ZHOU Lin

GAO Teng

LI Zijie

WANG Yan

LU Junlong

XU Xiongwen

Related Institution

Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang

Yongkang High-tech Industrial Research Institute Co., Ltd., Yongkang

FUN Technology Corporation Limited

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University

Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

⁰