Bi-level optimization of configuration and operation strategy for refrigerated warehouse with cold thermal energy storage under time-of-use tariffs

XIAO Chupeng; MOU Xudong; XU Jing; CHEN Lina; DING Sheng; HU Wenbo

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0109

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Bi-level optimization of configuration and operation strategy for refrigerated warehouse with cold thermal energy storage under time-of-use tariffs

Special Issue on Multi\-Scenario Applications of Thermal and Cold Energy Storage | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- Bi-level optimization of configuration and operation strategy for refrigerated warehouse with cold thermal energy storage under time-of-use tariffs
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 3, Pages: 920-932(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.国网电力科学研究院武汉能效测评有限公司，湖北武汉 430074
  2.国网电力科学研究院有限公司，江苏南京 210000
  3.国网甘肃省电力公司天水供电公司，甘肃天水 741000
  4.国网甘肃省电力公司平凉供电公司，甘肃平凉 744000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0109
  CLC： TK 124
- Received：30 January 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-03-04，
  
  Published：28 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
肖楚鹏, 牟旭东, 许静, 等. 冷库蓄冷系统配置与运行策略协同优化研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 920-932.

XIAO Chupeng, MOU Xudong, XU Jing, et al. Bi-level optimization of configuration and operation strategy for refrigerated warehouse with cold thermal energy storage under time-of-use tariffs[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 920-932.
肖楚鹏, 牟旭东, 许静, 等. 冷库蓄冷系统配置与运行策略协同优化研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 920-932. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0109.

XIAO Chupeng, MOU Xudong, XU Jing, et al. Bi-level optimization of configuration and operation strategy for refrigerated warehouse with cold thermal energy storage under time-of-use tariffs[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 920-932. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0109.

摘要

为提升冷库在分时电价环境下的运行经济性与负荷调节能力，本研究针对传统冷库制冷系统缺乏容量配置与运行策略协同设计的问题，提出一种面向冷库制冷-蓄冷系统的设备配置与运行策略双层协同优化方法。以一中型冷库为研究对象，构建包含双工况制冷主机与相变蓄冷装置的冷库制冷-蓄冷系统模型。上层优化以系统全生命周期成本最小化为目标，采用遗传算法确定制冷主机与蓄冷装置的最优容量配置；下层优化以典型日运行成本最小化为目标，建立混合整数线性规划模型，对分时电价条件下系统运行策略进行优化，并将运行结果反馈至上层形成迭代求解机制。结果表明，在现行分时电价条件下，优化后系统折现运行成本较基准方案降低30%，折现全生命周期成本为5.23万元，动态投资回收期为8.01年。进一步分析不同峰谷电价比场景发现，随着峰谷电价比由1.45提升至9.25，系统全生命周期成本下降至4.03万元，动态投资回收期缩短至3.29年，蓄冷装置最优配置容量显著增加。研究结果可为分时电价机制下冷库蓄冷系统的容量配置与运行策略制定提供定量参考。

Abstract

To enhance the operational economic performance and load flexibility of cold storage facilities under time-of-use electricity pricing

this study developed a bi-level optimization framework for the capacity configuration and operational strategy of a refrigerated warehouse cold thermal energy storage system. A medium-sized refrigerated warehouse was selected as the case study

and system models including a dual-mode chiller unit and a phase-change thermal energy storage device were established. At the upper level

lifecycle cost minimization was adopted as the optimization objective

and a genetic algorithm was employed to determine the optimal capacities of the chiller unit and thermal energy storage device. At the lower level

a mixed-integer linear programming model was developed to minimize the typical-day operating cost through optimal scheduling under time-of-use electricity pricing

and the operational results were iteratively fed back to the upper level. The results indicated that

under current electricity pricing conditions

the optimized system reduced the discounted operational cost by 30% compared with the baseline scheme

achieving a discounted lifecycle cost of 52.3 thousand CNY and a dynamic payback period of 8.01 years. Further analysis of different peak-valley electricity price ratios showed that

as the ratio increased from 1.45 to 9.25

the lifecycle cost decreased to 40.3 thousand CNY and the dynamic payback period shortened to 3.29 years

while the optimal thermal storage capacity increased significantly. These findings provide quantitative support for capacity planning and operational strategy development of cold storage refrigeration-thermal energy storage systems under time-of-use electricity pricing.

关键词

Keywords

references

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