Research on low-cost flexible dual-mode PCM for thermal management of outdoor lithium-ion batteries

XU Bowen; LIU Xianglin; LI Jinyu; SUN Yimeng; KONG Xiangfei

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0108

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Research on low-cost flexible dual-mode PCM for thermal management of outdoor lithium-ion batteries

Special Issue on Multi\-Scenario Applications of Thermal and Cold Energy Storage | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- Research on low-cost flexible dual-mode PCM for thermal management of outdoor lithium-ion batteries
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 3, Pages: 848-858(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  河北工业大学能源与环境工程学院，天津 300401
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0108
  CLC： TK 02
- Received：30 January 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-03-08，
  
  Published：28 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
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许勃文, 刘相霖, 李金宇, 等. 用于户外锂离子电池热管理的低成本柔性双模式相变材料研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 848-858.

XU Bowen, LIU Xianglin, LI Jinyu, et al. Research on low-cost flexible dual-mode PCM for thermal management of outdoor lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 848-858.
许勃文, 刘相霖, 李金宇, 等. 用于户外锂离子电池热管理的低成本柔性双模式相变材料研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 848-858. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0108.

XU Bowen, LIU Xianglin, LI Jinyu, et al. Research on low-cost flexible dual-mode PCM for thermal management of outdoor lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 848-858. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0108.

摘要

锂离子电池温度过高与过低均会导致性能衰减和安全隐患。柔性相变材料(PCM)具有高储热密度与良好形状适应性，能维持电池温度稳定。但现有柔性PCM通常具有高吸收率，难以满足户外电池全年热管理。为此，本研究基于熔融共混法，研制出辐射冷却PCM(PW/SEBS/ZnO)，并与常规柔性PCM(PW/SEBS/EG)自粘和，形成柔性双模式PCM。该双模式PCM在辐射冷却侧具有0.86的高反射率，在光热转换侧具有0.92的高吸收率，具有172.5 J/g的高焓值，且泄漏率低于0.85%。更重要的是，双模式PCM成本低至21.2元/kg。进一步，开展覆盖双模式PCM、覆盖柔性PCM、空白电池的对照实验。夏季工况，覆盖双模式PCM的电池最高温度较空白组在充/放电过程降低了10.1℃/11.0℃，而覆盖柔性PCM的电池最高温度升高了6.1℃/4.2℃。相应地，覆盖双模式PCM的电池充/放电容量较空白组提升3.9%/3.5%，而覆盖柔性PCM的电池的充/放电容量反而降低了2.0%/3.2%。冬季工况，覆盖双模式PCM与覆盖柔性PCM的电池温度及性能接近。并且，充/放电过程，覆盖双模式PCM的电池平均温度较空白组提升了8.4℃/7.2℃，相应的充/放电容量较空白组提升19.5%/15.8%。双模式PCM为户外锂离子电池全年热管理提供有效解决方案。

Abstract

Both excessively high and low temperatures in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can lead to performance degradation and safety hazards. Flexible phase change materials (PCMs) offer high heat storage density and good shape adaptability

which can help maintain the temperature stability of LIBs. However

existing flexible PCMs typically exhibit high absorptivity

making it difficult to meet the demands of year-round thermal management for outdoor batteries. Hence

this study developed a radiative cooling PCM (PW/SEBS/ZnO) based on a melt blending method

which was self-bonded with a conventional flexible PCM (PW/SEBS/EG) to form a flexible dual-mode PCM. The dual-mode PCM has a high reflectance of 0.86 on the radiative cooling (RC) side

a high absorptance of 0.92 on the photothermal conversion (PC) side

a high enthalpy of 172.5 J/g

and a leakage ratio of less than 0.85%. More importantly

the cost of the dual-mode PCM is as low as 21.2 CNY/kg. Further

comparative experiments were conducted covering the dual-mode PCM

flexible PCM

and blank batteries. Under summer conditions

the maximum temperature of the battery covered with the dual-mode PCM was 10.1℃/11.0℃ lower than that of the blank group during charge/discharge processes

whereas batteries covered with the flexible PCM exhibited maximum temperature increases of 6.1℃/4.2℃. Correspondingly

compared to the blank group

the charge/discharge capacity of the battery covered with the dual-mode PCM was improved by 3.9%/3.5%

while the charge/discharge capacity of the battery covered with the flexible PCM was reduced by 2.0%/3.2%. Under winter conditions

the battery temperature and performance of the dual-mode PCM and the flexible PCM were similar. Moreover

the average temperature of the battery covered with the dual-mode PCM was 8.4℃/7.2℃ higher than that of the blank group

and the corresponding charge/discharge capacity was 19.5%/15.8% higher than that of the blank group. The dual-mode PCM provides an effective solution for the year-round thermal management of outdoor batteries.

关键词

Keywords

references

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