Research progress on indirect cold plate and immersion cooling for lithium-ion battery thermal management

PAN Zhenfei; HUANG Peifeng; LUO Yimo; LIAO Wanxuan; YUAN Lingjie

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0104

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Research progress on indirect cold plate and immersion cooling for lithium-ion battery thermal management

Special Issue on Multi\-Scenario Applications of Thermal and Cold Energy Storage | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- Research progress on indirect cold plate and immersion cooling for lithium-ion battery thermal management
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 3, Pages: 1023-1038(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.湖南大学土木工程学院，湖南长沙 410082
  2.湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室，湖南长沙 410082
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0104
  CLC： TK 02
- Received：31 January 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-02-10，
  
  Published：28 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
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潘振飞, 黄沛丰, 罗伊默, 等. 间接冷板与浸没式液冷在锂离子电池热管理中的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 1023-1038.

PAN Zhenfei, HUANG Peifeng, LUO Yimo, et al. Research progress on indirect cold plate and immersion cooling for lithium-ion battery thermal management[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 1023-1038.
潘振飞, 黄沛丰, 罗伊默, 等. 间接冷板与浸没式液冷在锂离子电池热管理中的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 1023-1038. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0104.

PAN Zhenfei, HUANG Peifeng, LUO Yimo, et al. Research progress on indirect cold plate and immersion cooling for lithium-ion battery thermal management[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 1023-1038. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0104.

摘要

面对日益增长的锂离子电池热管理需求与热失控挑战，液冷技术凭借卓越的散热性能已成为电池热管理的主流发展方向。本文系统综述了锂离子电池液冷技术的最新研究进展。首先，针对间接冷板技术，重点梳理了流道布局优化、仿生通道设计、拓扑优化及微通道等结构创新策略，并分析了其与相变材料等结合的复合热管理系统在抑制热失控传播方面的研究成果。其次，针对单相浸没液冷技术，从冷却液的性能评估、系统结构的设计优化、传热机理，以及热失控传播抑制四个关键维度进行了深入剖析。再次，对于双相浸没液冷，重点从气泡动力学视角阐释了相变传热机理，并基于此给出了强化传热的指导原则。最后，结合产业现状展望了技术发展趋势，指出未来亟需系统揭示冷却液关键物性参数与电池热管理性能及热失控抑制能力之间的定量关系，建立设计准则以指导兼具高性能与环保性的新一代工质开发；同时，应基于传热机理深化结构创新，重点突破极端热滥用工况下的散热极限，从而实现对热失控及热蔓延的高效抑制。

Abstract

In response to the increasingly stringent thermal management requirements and thermal runaway challenges associated with lithium-ion batteries

liquid cooling has emerged as a mainstream thermal management strategy due to its superior heat dissipation capability. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress in liquid cooling technologies for lithium-ion batteries. First

for indirect cold plate cooling

various structural innovation strategies

including flow-channel layout optimization

biomimetic channel design

topology optimization

and microchannel configurations

are systematically reviewed

with particular emphasis on hybrid thermal management systems coupled with phase change materials for suppressing thermal runaway propagation. Second

single-phase immersion cooling is critically analyzed from four key perspectives: coolant property evaluation

system structural and flow-channel optimization

heat transfer mechanisms

and thermal runaway mitigation. Third

for two-phase immersion cooling

phase-change heat transfer mechanisms are elucidated from the perspective of bubble dynamics

on the basis of which design principles for heat transfer enhancement are proposed. Finally

in light of current industrial development

future research directions are discussed. It is highlighted that a systematic understanding of the quantitative relationships between key coolant thermophysical properties

battery thermal management performance

and thermal runaway suppression capability is urgently required to establish unified design guidelines for the development of next-generation coolants with both high performance and environmental sustainability. Meanwhile

structural innovation guided by fundamental heat transfer mechanisms should be further advanced to overcome heat dissipation limits under extreme thermal abuse conditions

thereby enabling effective mitigation of thermal runaway and its propagation.

关键词

Keywords

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