Review on ice making and ice melt technology of ice storage system

ZHANG Bo; QU Nan; WANG Wenke; RONG Jinli; LIU Shen; ZHANG Tong; HE Muran; LI Chao; TONG Lige; LUO Chunhuan

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0103

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Review on ice making and ice melt technology of ice storage system

Special Issue on Multi\-Scenario Applications of Thermal and Cold Energy Storage | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- Review on ice making and ice melt technology of ice storage system
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 3, Pages: 1109-1118(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京京能恒星能源科技有限公司，北京 100142
  2.北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院，北京 100083
  3.北京科技大学顺德创新学院，广东佛山 528399
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0103
  CLC： TK 124
- Received：31 January 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-03-05，
  
  Published：28 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
张波, 瞿楠, 王文科, 等. 冰蓄冷系统制冰与融冰技术研究综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 1109-1118.

ZHANG Bo, QU Nan, WANG Wenke, et al. Review on ice making and ice melt technology of ice storage system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 1109-1118.
张波, 瞿楠, 王文科, 等. 冰蓄冷系统制冰与融冰技术研究综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 1109-1118. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0103.

ZHANG Bo, QU Nan, WANG Wenke, et al. Review on ice making and ice melt technology of ice storage system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 1109-1118. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0103.

摘要

全球能源消耗持续增长，温室气体排放加剧，使得建筑领域面临巨大的节能减排压力。暖通空调系统作为建筑能耗的主要部分，在夏季高峰时段的用电负荷可占建筑总能耗的70%，对电网稳定运行构成严峻挑战。冰蓄冷技术作为一种高效的相变储能解决方案，其核心在于利用夜间低谷电力制冰蓄冷，在日间高峰时段融冰供冷，从而将电力负荷从峰值时段转移至谷值时段，有效缓解电力系统的峰谷差问题，并带来显著的经济效益与环境效益。本文立足于制冰储冷与融冰释冷技术，对主流技术路径进行了系统的梳理与比较。静态制冰结构简单但存在因冰层增厚导致热阻增大的效率瓶颈。动态制冰通过引入扰动生产冰浆以克服此缺陷。融冰技术主要聚焦于盘管系统，分为内融冰与外融冰两种模式，分析了其传热机制、性能差异及扰动的强化效果与副作用。本文对制冰与融冰技术进行了关联性的系统梳理与比较，深化了对盘管融冰过程中冰层破碎、密度反转与引入空气搅拌等扰动对融冰过程传热强化的物理机制与影响，为冰蓄冷系统的优化设计、运行策略制定及推广应用提供了重要的理论依据和工程参考价值。此外，本文进一步探讨了冰蓄冷系统作为优质柔性储能单元，在参与电网需求侧响应及虚拟电厂协同运行等方面的价值与应用前景。

Abstract

The continuous growth of global energy consumption and the intensification of greenhouse gas emissions have made the building sector a key battleground for energy conservation and emission reduction. As a core component of building energy consumption

HVAC (Heating

Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems can account for up to 70% of total building energy consumption during peak summer electricity demand periods

not only increasing building operating costs but also posing a severe challenge to the stable operation of regional power grids. Ice storage technology

as an efficient phase change energy storage solution

utilizes off-peak electricity at night to produce and store ice

which is then melted during peak daytime hours to provide cooling

thereby achieving peak shaving and valley filling of power loads. This not only alleviates the pressure of peak-valley differences on the power grid but also reduces building operating costs and carbon emissions

offering significant economic and environmental benefits. This article systematically reviews and compares ice-making and ice-melting technologies. In terms of ice-making technology

static ice-making is widely used due to its simple structure and low equipment cost

but it faces the bottleneck of increased thermal resistance as the ice layer thickens

leading to decreasing ice-making efficiency over time. Dynamic ice-making

by introducing mechanical or fluid disturbance to produce ice slurry

effectively overcomes the shortcomings of static ice-making. Among these methods

the scraping method

with its high ice-making efficiency

stable ice slurry quality

and low operation and maintenance costs

has become the mainstream technical approach. In terms of ice-melting technology

coil-based systems represent the core application form

which are divided into internal melting and external melting modes: internal melting melts the ice layer from the inside out by introducing hot water or hot air into the coil

which is fast but prone to local overheating of the ice layer; external melting melts the ice layer through external fluid scouring

which is more uniform but has relatively lower heat transfer efficiency. In addition

the article deeply analyzes the heat transfer enhancement mechanisms of ice layer fragmentation

density inversion

and air stirring disturbance on the ice melting process

as well as potential side effects such as increased energy consumption. Through this review of ice-making and ice-melting technologies

this article deepens the understanding of the physical mechanisms in the coil ice melting process

providing an important theoretical basis and engineering reference for the optimization design

operation strategy formulation

and promotion of ice storage systems

which is of great significance for advancing energy conservation and emission reduction in the building sector. Furthermore

this paper explores the potential value and application prospects of ice storage systems as high-quality flexible energy storage units in participating in grid demand-side response and coordinated operation with virtual power plants

expanding the theoretical framework for their role in building a new power system.

关键词

Keywords

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