Preparation and surface tension regulation of a hydrated salt gel based on sodium sulfate decahydrate

HUANG Taotao; CHEN Shuhui; ZHANG Zhengguo; FANG Xiaoming; LING Ziye

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0100

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Preparation and surface tension regulation of a hydrated salt gel based on sodium sulfate decahydrate

Special Issue on Multi\-Scenario Applications of Thermal and Cold Energy Storage | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- Preparation and surface tension regulation of a hydrated salt gel based on sodium sulfate decahydrate
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 3, Pages: 723-734(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.华南理工大学化学与化工学院
  2.华南理工大学热质传递与低碳转化教育部重点实验室，广东广州 510641
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0100
  CLC： TK 02
- Received：02 February 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-03-02，
  
  Published：28 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
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黄涛涛, 陈淑惠, 张正国, 等. 十水硫酸钠水合盐凝胶的制备及其表面张力调控[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 723-734.

HUANG Taotao, CHEN Shuhui, ZHANG Zhengguo, et al. Preparation and surface tension regulation of a hydrated salt gel based on sodium sulfate decahydrate[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 723-734.
黄涛涛, 陈淑惠, 张正国, 等. 十水硫酸钠水合盐凝胶的制备及其表面张力调控[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 723-734. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0100.

HUANG Taotao, CHEN Shuhui, ZHANG Zhengguo, et al. Preparation and surface tension regulation of a hydrated salt gel based on sodium sulfate decahydrate[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 723-734. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0100.

摘要

为满足储能领域不同应用场景对超薄柔性相变材料的精细化开发需求，解决十水硫酸钠(SSD)基相变材料过冷度大、相分离、易泄漏的固有缺陷，以及突破超薄水凝胶制备中表面张力大、铺展性差、易成孔的工艺瓶颈，本研究采用原位溶胶-凝胶法构建聚丙烯酸钠/海藻酸钙/十水硫酸钠(PAAS/CA/SSD)双网络水凝胶，开展可广泛应用于储热储冷领域的十水硫酸钠水合盐凝胶材料配方优化、性能调控及超薄成型关键技术研究。结果表明，PAAS质量含量10%的PA-10样品综合性能最优，其相变温度31.88℃、相变焓119.7 J/g，分解温度88.81℃、分解焓913.5 J/g，结晶态拉伸强度0.29 MPa、断裂伸长率16%，热导率维持在0.82 W/(m·K)以上，兼具刚度与柔韧性且无泄漏，适配储能装置的材料性能要求；通过质量分数1%六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)与6%硼砂协同调控，将SSD过冷度降至接近0℃，显著提升相变可控性，解决了材料工程化应用的核心性能问题；为解决超薄水合盐的成型难题，引入杜邦FS-3100表面活性剂调控表面张力，通过实验确定最佳添加量为1‰，使水凝胶在硅胶模具表面的接触角由111.1°降至42.2°，成功制备出1 mm厚、无孔洞、厚度均匀的超薄水凝胶，突破了超薄相变水凝胶的成型工艺瓶颈。性能测试显示，表面活性剂仅使凝胶网络轻微松散，其力学性能仍优于传统压制法制备样品，且未显著影响材料热性能，相变焓与分解焓基本保持稳定。本研究制备的超薄SSD基水合盐凝胶材料的相变温度与柔性特点适配人体热管理、锂离子电池热管理及热失控防护等储能场景，为无机水合盐中低温储能材料的轻薄化开发提供新路径，也为储能装置的微型化、柔性化设计及系统运行优化提供了实验依据和技术支撑。

Abstract

To address the demand for the refined development of ultra-thin flexible phase change materials (PCMs) for diverse application scenarios in the energy storage field

this study aims to solve the inherent defects of large supercooling degree

phase separation

and easy leakage of sodium sulfate decahydrate (SSD)-based PCMs

and break through the process bottlenecks of high surface tension

poor spreadability

and easy pore formation in the preparation of ultra-thin hydrogels. This study fabricated sodium polyacrylate/calcium alginate/sodium sulfate decahydrate (PAAS/CA/SSD) double-network hydrogels via an in-situ sol-gel method. The formulation optimization

performance regulation

and key ultra-thin molding technologies of SSD hydrated salt hydrogel materials

which can be widely used in thermal energy storage and cooling fields

were systematically investigated. The results show that the PA-10 sample with a PAAS content of 10% exhibits the optimal comprehensive performance

with a phase change temperature of 31.88℃

phase change enthalpy of 119.7 J/g

decomposition temperature of 88.81℃

decomposition enthalpy of 913.5 J/g

tensile strength of 0.29 MPa in crystalline state

and elongation at break of 16%. Its thermal conductivity remains above 0.82 W/(m·K). The sample possesses both rigidity and flexibility without leakage

which meets the material performance requirements of energy storage devices. Through the synergistic regulation of 1% sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and 6% borax

the supercooling degree of SSD is reduced to nearly 0℃

which significantly improves the controllability of phase change and solves the core performance issue for the engineering application of the material. To tackle the molding difficulty of ultra-thin hydrated salts

DuPont FS-300 surfactant was introduced to regulate the surface tension

and the optimal dosage was experimentally determined as 1‰. The contact angle of the hydrogel on the silicone mold surface decreased from 111.1° to 42.2°

and ultra-thin hydrogels with a thickness of 1 mm

no pores

and uniform thickness were successfully prepared

breaking through the molding process bottleneck of ultra-thin phase change hydrogels. Performance tests demonstrate that the surfactant only slightly loosens the gel network; its mechanical properties are still superior to those of samples prepared by the traditional compression method

and the thermal properties are not significantly affected

with the phase change enthalpy and decomposition enthalpy basically stable. The phase change temperature and flexible characteristics of this ultra-thin SSD-based hydrated salt hydrogel material are suitable for energy storage scenarios such as human body thermal management

lithium-ion battery thermal management

and thermal runaway protection. It provides a new route for the lightweight and thinning development of inorganic hydrated salt medium-low temperature energy storage materials

and also offers experimental basis and technical support for the miniaturization and flexible design of energy storage devices as well as system operation optimization.

关键词

Keywords

references

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