Graphene-carbonized foam/paraffin composite phase change material: Thermal characteristics and application in battery thermal management

LIAN Yi; HUANG Peifeng; LUO Yimo; PAN Zhenfei

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0085

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Graphene-carbonized foam/paraffin composite phase change material: Thermal characteristics and application in battery thermal management

Special Issue on Multi\-Scenario Applications of Thermal and Cold Energy Storage | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- Graphene-carbonized foam/paraffin composite phase change material: Thermal characteristics and application in battery thermal management
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 3, Pages: 701-712(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.湖南大学土木工程学院，湖南长沙 410082
  2.湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室，湖南长沙 410082
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0085
  CLC： TK 02
- Received：27 January 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-02-19，
  
  Published：28 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
连毅, 黄沛丰, 罗伊默, 等. 石墨烯-碳化海绵/石蜡复合相变材料:热特性及其在电池热管理中的应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 701-712.

LIAN Yi, HUANG Peifeng, LUO Yimo, et al. Graphene-carbonized foam/paraffin composite phase change material: Thermal characteristics and application in battery thermal management[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 701-712.
连毅, 黄沛丰, 罗伊默, 等. 石墨烯-碳化海绵/石蜡复合相变材料:热特性及其在电池热管理中的应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 701-712. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0085.

LIAN Yi, HUANG Peifeng, LUO Yimo, et al. Graphene-carbonized foam/paraffin composite phase change material: Thermal characteristics and application in battery thermal management[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 701-712. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0085.

摘要

针对传统相变材料热导率低、易泄漏及低温环境下缺乏主动调温能力等问题，本工作开发了一种新型石墨烯-碳化海绵/石蜡(CF-rGO/PW)复合相变材料，对其热导率、相变潜热等关键热特性参数进行了实验测量与分析。在此基础上，构建了采用该材料的电池模组三维耦合热模型。在不同放电倍率下，电池最高温度的仿真与实验结果误差不超过2%，验证了模型的可靠性。基于该模型，进一步探究了其在电池热管理中的应用效果，分析了恒定倍率放电、频繁充放电及热滥用触发工况下模组的温度演化规律。结果表明，在2 C与3 C工况下，采用复合相变材料可使电芯最高温度降低约5～15℃，并将最大温差控制在1.5℃以内。在频繁充放电条件下，瞬态温度波动幅值较空气冷却平均降低约23%，在相变温区内降低程度提高至36%。在热滥用工况下，相较于无阻隔结构的电池模组，复合相变材料-电池模组中的高温区域仅发生在触发电芯及其相邻电芯，且相邻电芯到达温度峰值的时间延迟了约300 s，同时后排电芯温升不明显。可见，本工作开发的新型复合相变材料显著提升了电池模组的热稳定性与安全性。

Abstract

To address the issues of low thermal conductivity

leakage during melting

and the lack of active temperature regulation under low-temperature conditions in conventional phase change materials (PCMs)

a novel graphene-carbonized sponge/paraffin (CF-rGO/PW) composite phase change material was developed. Its key thermophysical properties

including thermal conductivity and latent heat of phase change

were experimentally measured and analyzed. Based on these results

a three-dimensional coupled thermal model of a battery module incorporating the composite material was established. The simulated maximum battery temperature under different discharge rates agreed well with experimental results

with an error of less than 2%

verifying the reliability of the model. Using this model

the thermal management performance of the composite material was further investigated under constant-rate discharge

frequent charge-discharge

and thermal abuse triggering conditions. Results show that under 2 C and 3 C discharge conditions

the incorporation of the composite phase change material reduces the maximum cell temperature by approximately 5—15℃ and limits the maximum temperature difference to within 1.5℃. Under frequent charge-discharge conditions

the average transient temperature fluctuation amplitude decreases by about 23% compared with air cooling

and the reduction increases to 36% within the phase change temperature range. Under thermal abuse conditions

compared with the battery module without a barrier structure

the high-temperature region in the composite phase change material-battery module is confined to the triggered cell and its immediate neighbor. The peak temperature of the neighboring cell is delayed by about 300 s

and the rear cells exhibit only a slight temperature rise as well. These results demonstrate that the developed composite phase change material significantly enhances the thermal stability and safety of battery modules.

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references

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