Study on the effect of arrangement configuration on thermal runaway propagation characteristics of lithium battery packs

YANG Juan; JIA Yan; LI Wenjing; YANG Yu; ZHANG Qingsong

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0083

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Study on the effect of arrangement configuration on thermal runaway propagation characteristics of lithium battery packs

Energy Storage System and Engineering | 更新时间：2026-07-13

- Study on the effect of arrangement configuration on thermal runaway propagation characteristics of lithium battery packs
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 6, Pages: 2296-2304(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国民航大学工程技术训练中心，天津 300300
  2.中国民航大学安全科学与工程学院，天津 300300
  3.中国民航大学科技创新研究院，天津 300300
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0083
  CLC： TM 911.3
- Received：28 January 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-03-11，
  
  Published：28 June 2026
- 稿件说明：
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杨娟, 贾燕, 李文静, 等. 排布构型对锂电池组热失控传播的影响研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(6): 2296-2304.

YANG Juan, JIA Yan, LI Wenjing, et al. Study on the effect of arrangement configuration on thermal runaway propagation characteristics of lithium battery packs[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(6): 2296-2304.
杨娟, 贾燕, 李文静, 等. 排布构型对锂电池组热失控传播的影响研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(6): 2296-2304. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0083.

YANG Juan, JIA Yan, LI Wenjing, et al. Study on the effect of arrangement configuration on thermal runaway propagation characteristics of lithium battery packs[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(6): 2296-2304. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0083.

摘要

本工作深入探究了不同电池排布构型对热失控传播特性的影响，为电池组的设计及优化提供理论依据。本工作采用实验与数值仿真相结合的方法，系统研究了单体电池间隔及电池簇排布结构（2×2、3×3）对热失控抑制的影响。研究发现：在单体层面，1 mm间距虽无法完全阻断热失控传播，但显著延缓了传播速率，使传播至相邻电池的时间延后了227 s；2 mm间距则能有效阻断电池单体间的热失控传播。在电池组层面，2 mm间距可在2×2簇结构中有效阻断热失控传播；而在3×3簇结构中，由于系统热扩散路径复杂化，即便在1 mm间距下，因相邻簇未达到临界温度阈值，热失控亦未发生蔓延。此外，随着模组内电池间距的增加，呈现出热失控触发时间延长、传播速率减缓以及电池组最高温度降低的典型规律。结果表明，合理增加电池间距及优化簇结构设计是抑制热失控传播的关键措施。本研究阐明了不同构型下的热失控临界触发条件与传播机制，可为高安全性能电池系统的热防护设计提供重要依据。

Abstract

This paper undertakes a comprehensive investigation into the influence of different battery arrangement configurations on thermal runaway propagation characteristics

thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the design and optimization of battery packs in electric aircraft. Experiments and numerical simulations were integrated to systematically study the effects of single-cell spacing and cluster layouts (2 × 2

3 × 3) on the initiation and propagation behavior of thermal runaway. The findings indicate that

at the single-cell level

while a 1 mm spacing does not entirely prevent propagation

it significantly delays the propagation rate by 227 s compared to direct contact. Conversely

2 mm spacing effectively prevents thermal runaway transmission between adjacent cells. At the pack level

a 2 mm spacing effectively inhibits propagation within the 2 × 2 cluster structure. However

in the 3 × 3 cluster configuration

propagation did not occur even at 1 mm spacing due to the complex heat dissipation pathways

preventing adjacent clusters from reaching the critical temperature threshold. Furthermore

increasing the spacing within the module exhibits typical trends of delayed thermal runaway triggering

reduced propagation rates

and lower peak temperatures. The findings suggest that increasing cell spacing and optimizing the structural design of clusters are pivotal measures for suppressing thermal runaway propagation. This study elucidates the critical triggering conditions and propagation mechanisms under various configurations

thereby offering significant guidance for the thermal protection design of high-safety battery systems.

关键词

Keywords

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