Performance study on a hybrid battery thermal management system combining phase change materials with air jet impingement

YUAN Changshun; ZHAO Yanqi; DING Yulong

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1173

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Performance study on a hybrid battery thermal management system combining phase change materials with air jet impingement

Special Issue on Multi\-Scenario Applications of Thermal and Cold Energy Storage | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- Performance study on a hybrid battery thermal management system combining phase change materials with air jet impingement
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 3, Pages: 838-847(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.江苏大学机械工程学院，江苏镇江 212013
  2.南京工业大学能源科学与工程学院，江苏南京 211816
  3.伯明翰大学化学工程学院，英国伯明翰 B15 2TT
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1173
  CLC： TM 911;X 932
- Received：30 December 2025，
  
  Revised：2026-01-12，
  
  Published：28 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
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袁长顺, 赵彦琦, 丁玉龙. 相变材料结合空气射流混合式电池热管理系统性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 838-847.

YUAN Changshun, ZHAO Yanqi, DING Yulong. Performance study on a hybrid battery thermal management system combining phase change materials with air jet impingement[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 838-847.
袁长顺, 赵彦琦, 丁玉龙. 相变材料结合空气射流混合式电池热管理系统性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 838-847. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1173.

YUAN Changshun, ZHAO Yanqi, DING Yulong. Performance study on a hybrid battery thermal management system combining phase change materials with air jet impingement[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 838-847. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1173.

摘要

相变材料(phase change material，PCM)冷却是电池热管理中常用的方式，能够在维持电池模组温度场均匀性的同时保障系统安全。然而，由于锂离子电池正负极材料本身在结构和热特性上的差异，其两端往往存在明显的温度不均，仅依靠PCM冷却难以有效消除此类局部热隐患。为此，本研究提出一种结合PCM冷却与空气射流风冷的混合热管理策略。该方案在电池正极一侧施加空气射流强化冷却，同时将整个模组包覆于石蜡中，通过调节射流阵列布置与空气质量流量，系统分析其在车辆能耗与续航里程测试中对电池温度场的影响。研究结果表明，在控制空气质量流量的条件下，在完成一个NEDC(新欧洲行驶循环)测试工况后，4×4阵列射流最低温度达到了290.51 K，2×2阵列射流下的最低温度达到了293.34 K，比前者高了2.83 K，并且通过改变射流冷却系统的结构参数，观察到电池模组的平均温度呈现显著下降趋势。具体而言，当采用2×2射流阵列时，将射流孔的直径从1 mm增加至3 mm，可使电池模组的平均温度降低2.06 K；采用3×3射流阵列，在同样的孔径变化下(即从1 mm增至3 mm)，平均温度的降幅进一步扩大至2.96 K；而当阵列配置达到4×4时，平均温度降低3.01 K，显示出最佳的冷却性能提升。

Abstract

Phase change material (PCM) cooling is a widely used method for managing battery thermal conditions

where the temperature uniformity across battery modules can be maintained while ensuring system safety. However

due to the inherent differences in structural and thermal properties between the positive and negative electrodes of lithium-ion batteries

significant temperature disparities often arise at either end. Solely relying on PCM cooling proves challenging in effectively mitigating these localized thermal risks. This study proposes a hybrid thermal management strategy that combines PCM cooling with air-jet forced cooling. Specifically

enhanced air-jet cooling is applied to the positive electrode side

with the entire module being encapsulated in paraffin. By varying the arrangement of the jet array and the air mass flow rate

this study systematically analyzes their effects on the battery's temperature during vehicle energy consumption and driving range tests. The results show that under controlled air mass flow conditions

after one New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test cycle is completed

the minimum temperature recorded was 290.51 K with a 4 × 4 jet array

compared to 293.34 K with a 2 × 2 array

which is 2.83 K higher. In addition

modifying the structural parameters of the jet cooling system resulted in a significant decrease in the average temperature of the battery module. For example

when a 2 × 2 jet array was used

increasing the jet orifice diameter from 1 to 3 mm reduced the average temperature by 2.06 K. Similarly

with a 3 × 3 jet array

the same increase in orifice diameter led to a larger reduction of 2.96 K. When the configuration was upgraded to a 4 × 4 array

the average temperature dropped by 3.01 K

indicating the most significant enhancement in cooling performance.

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