Two-layer model for optimal configuration of hybrid energy storage-assisted thermal power units in AGC frequency regulation

ZHANG Xiaoke; ZHANG Shaofeng; YOU Shun; GAO Yueji; ZHAO Chen

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1154

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Two-layer model for optimal configuration of hybrid energy storage-assisted thermal power units in AGC frequency regulation

Energy Storage System and Engineering | 更新时间：2026-07-13

- Two-layer model for optimal configuration of hybrid energy storage-assisted thermal power units in AGC frequency regulation
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 6, Pages: 2269-2280(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院，河南郑州 450000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1154
  CLC： TM 621
- Received：25 December 2025，
  
  Revised：2026-02-25，
  
  Published：28 June 2026
- 稿件说明：
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张小科, 张少锋, 尤顺, 等. 混合储能辅助火电机组AGC调频优化配置双层模型[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(6): 2269-2280.

ZHANG Xiaoke, ZHANG Shaofeng, YOU Shun, et al. Two-layer model for optimal configuration of hybrid energy storage-assisted thermal power units in AGC frequency regulation[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(6): 2269-2280.
张小科, 张少锋, 尤顺, 等. 混合储能辅助火电机组AGC调频优化配置双层模型[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(6): 2269-2280. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1154.

ZHANG Xiaoke, ZHANG Shaofeng, YOU Shun, et al. Two-layer model for optimal configuration of hybrid energy storage-assisted thermal power units in AGC frequency regulation[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(6): 2269-2280. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1154.

摘要

为实现火电机组自动发电控制（automatic generation control，AGC）调频性能提升与储能系统全生命周期成本降低的双重目标，本文提出一种由能量型磷酸铁锂储能（LiFePO

，LFP）与功率型钛酸锂储能（Li

，LTO）构成的混合储能系统辅助火电机组参与AGC调频的双层优化配置与协调控制方法。上层模型以全生命周期净收益最大化为核心目标，完成混合储能容量的优化配置并为下层模型提供约束边界；下层模型聚焦火电-混合储能协同调频响应，设计基于AGC性能考核的精细化三阶段控制策略与计及储能状态的功率分配机制。通过自适应混沌粒子群算法求解模型，实现容量配置与运行控制的动态耦合优化，经仿真求解得到混合储能最优配置方案为LFP 1.16 MW/1.75 MWh、LTO 3.08 MW/1.72 MWh。结果表明：相较于传统差额分配策略，所提策略及容量配置可使联合系统AGC综合调节性能指标提升0.9%，日均收益提升1230.23%，有效避免储能系统频繁承担剧烈波动功率响应，显著提升火储联合调频系统的技术性能与经济收益，为优化混合储能系统辅助传统电源调频的配置方案提供参考。

Abstract

To achieve the dual goals of improving the automatic generation control (AGC) performance of thermal power units and reducing the life-cycle cost of energy storage systems

this study proposes a bi-level optimal configuration and coordinated control method for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to assist thermal power units with AGC frequency regulation. The HESS comprises energy-type lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and power-type lithium titanate (LTO) batteries. The upper-level model maximizes the life-cycle net profit to optimize the HESS capacity and provide constraint boundaries for the lower-level model. The lower-level model focuses on the coordinated frequency regulation response of the thermal-HESS

employing a refined three-stage control strategy based on AGC performance assessment and a state-of-charge-aware power allocation mechanism. The model is solved using the adaptive chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm

realizing the dynamic coupling optimization of the capacity configuration and operational control. The simulation results yield the optimal HESS configuration scheme: 1.16 MW/1.75 MWh for LFP and 3.08 MW/1.72 MWh for LTO. The comparative results indicate that compared with the conventional differential power sharing strategy

the proposed strategy and capacity configuration increase the AGC comprehensive regulation performance index of the combined system by 0.9% and the daily average revenue by 1230.23%. The proposed method effectively prevents the energy storage system from frequently bearing power fluctuations with high volatility

significantly enhancing the technical performance and economic benefits of the thermal-HESS frequency regulation system. This study provides a valuable reference for optimizing HESS configurations to facilitate frequency regulation in conventional power plants.

关键词

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references

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