Hydrogen energy storage system based on reversible solid oxide cells and efficiency optimization

TENG Yue; HOU Kun; ZHANG Daorong; WU Ziqiang; WANG Di; XU Bin; XIA Peng

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1153

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Hydrogen energy storage system based on reversible solid oxide cells and efficiency optimization

Energy Storage System and Engineering | 更新时间：2026-07-13

- Hydrogen energy storage system based on reversible solid oxide cells and efficiency optimization
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 6, Pages: 2234-2246(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，安徽合肥 230601
  2.中国电力科学研究院有限公司，北京 100192
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1153
  CLC： TK 91
- Received：24 December 2025，
  
  Revised：2026-02-23，
  
  Published：28 June 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
滕越, 侯坤, 张道荣, 等. 可逆固体氧化物电池氢储能系统及其效率优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(6): 2234-2246.

TENG Yue, HOU Kun, ZHANG Daorong, et al. Hydrogen energy storage system based on reversible solid oxide cells and efficiency optimization[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(6): 2234-2246.
滕越, 侯坤, 张道荣, 等. 可逆固体氧化物电池氢储能系统及其效率优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(6): 2234-2246. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1153.

TENG Yue, HOU Kun, ZHANG Daorong, et al. Hydrogen energy storage system based on reversible solid oxide cells and efficiency optimization[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(6): 2234-2246. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1153.

摘要

基于高温可逆固体氧化物电池（RSOC）的氢储能技术在可再生能源消纳、长周期储能上有广阔的应用前景。然而，当前基于RSOC的氢储能系统的循环储能效率（RTE）偏低，系统架构还不成熟，因此，优化系统设计与运行参数提高系统RTE是促进其商业应用的重要手段。本工作基于通用的RSOC氢储能系统建立其系统模型，通过分析建立系统RTE与系统关键参数的关系式，提出采用单位摩尔氢气功耗来分析各个部件功耗对系统RTE的影响。利用系统模型，分析了系统发电（FC）与电解（EC）模式电压、燃料利用率、水蒸气利用率、空气过量系数与压降、回热方式对系统RTE等关键性能参数的影响规律。研究结果表明，RSOC系统RTE不高的主要原因是系统在FC模式下的发电效率较低；提高FC模式电压、燃料利用率和水蒸气利用率可以有效提高系统RTE，但改变EC模式电压不会改变系统RTE；降低空气过量系数和压降会降低FC模式风机功耗，进而提高系统RTE，但空气过量系数的降低会导致RSOC电堆内温差增大；采用回热，将FC模式产热用于EC模式水蒸发等耗热模块可以有效提高系统RTE，当燃料利用率为100%时，系统RTE可达62.27%。本工作的研究结果可为RSOC氢储能系统优化设计提供理论基础。

Abstract

Hydrogen energy-storage technology based on high-temperature reversible solid-oxide cells (RSOCs) has broad application prospects for the utilization of renewable energy and for long-term energy storage. However

the current round-trip-efficiency (RTE) of hydrogen energy-storage systems based on RSOCs is still relatively low

and the system design is not yet mature. Therefore

optimizing the system design and operating parameters to improve the system RTE is important for promoting its commercial applications. In this paper

we establish a system model for a general RSOC hydrogen energy-storage system. By analyzing the relationship between the system RTE and key system parameters

we propose to use the unit-mole hydrogen power consumption to analyze the effect of the power consumption of each component on the system RTE. Using this system model

we analyze the effect of the voltages in the fuel-cell mode (FC) and in the electrolysis-cell (EC) mode

the fuel-utilization rate

steam-utilization rate

excess-air coefficient and pressure drop

and the heat-recovery method on key performance parameters such as the system RTE. Our research results show that the main reason for the low RTE of an RSOC system is the low power-generation efficiency in the FC mode. Increasing the FC-mode voltage

fuel-utilization rate

and steam-utilization rate effectively improves the system RTE

but changing the EC-mode voltage does not change the system RTE. Reducing the excess-air coefficient and pressure drop reduces the power consumption in the blower in the FC mode and thereby improves the system RTE

but reducing the excess-air coefficient also increases the temperature difference within the RSOC stack. Using heat recovery

where the heat generated in the FC mode is used for water evaporation and other heat-consuming modules in the EC mode improves the system RTE effectively. When the fuel-utilization rate is 100%

the system RTE can exceed 62.27%. The research we report in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the optimization design of RSOC hydrogen energy-storage systems.

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references

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