Study on flexible temperature-sensing film for wearable monitoring of lithium-ion batteries

CHI Guidong; MA Shihao; AN Bojia; HE Zhizhu; ZHOU Quan

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1055

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Study on flexible temperature-sensing film for wearable monitoring of lithium-ion batteries

Energy Storage Materials and Devices | 更新时间：2026-07-13

- Study on flexible temperature-sensing film for wearable monitoring of lithium-ion batteries
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 6, Pages: 2079-2088(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  中国农业大学工学院机械工程系，北京 100083
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1055
  CLC： TM 912
- Received：21 November 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-17，
  
  Published：28 June 2026
- 稿件说明：
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迟贵东, 马仕豪, 安柏嘉, 等. 锂离子电池可穿戴式柔性温度传感薄膜研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(6): 2079-2088.

CHI Guidong, MA Shihao, AN Bojia, et al. Study on flexible temperature-sensing film for wearable monitoring of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(6): 2079-2088.
迟贵东, 马仕豪, 安柏嘉, 等. 锂离子电池可穿戴式柔性温度传感薄膜研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(6): 2079-2088. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1055.

CHI Guidong, MA Shihao, AN Bojia, et al. Study on flexible temperature-sensing film for wearable monitoring of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(6): 2079-2088. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1055.

摘要

多电池系统中各电池单元状态的精准监测是保障电池组整体性能与运行安全的关键前提。针对锂离子电池实际应用中因局部发热引发的安全隐患及性能衰退问题，本研究设计了一种低成本、高灵敏度、超薄可穿戴柔性温度传感薄膜。该传感器采用银基导电墨水作为温敏材料，通过丝网印刷技术在聚酰亚胺基底上制备电极图案，经低温烧结和聚二甲基硅氧烷封装后形成厚度仅41 μm的超薄柔性结构。利用恒温恒湿试验箱和精密源表搭建的标定平台测试表明，该传感薄膜在-20~80℃工作范围内灵敏度达

=0.035 Ω/℃，室温下线性拟合相关系数

=0.998，且具备优异的温度-电阻稳定性和制备重复性。本研究进一步建立了3×3电池模组的电化学-热耦合仿真模型，揭示了模组内部的温度梯度分布规律，发现中心电池温升始终高于周围电池，且温升与电流倍率呈显著正相关。基于仿真结果，将传感薄膜应用于方形单体电池和圆柱形模组的实时温度监测试验中。测试数据显示，传感器输出温度与电池端电压曲线呈现高度同步性，能够准确表征充放电过程、电流倍率变化以及不同运行阶段的产热特性，有效验证了其在多种电池构型中实施原位温度监测的可行性与可靠性。与传统热电偶相比，该传感薄膜在柔性适配、监测精度、成本控制及阵列化多点传感方面具有显著优势。本研究成果为锂离子电池系统的精细化热管理与安全预警提供了一种新的技术路径。

Abstract

A precise monitoring of individual cells in a multibattery system is essential for stable performance and operational safety. In this study

we develop a low-cost

high-sensitivity

ultrathin flexible temperature-sensing film to address local heating

safety risks

and performance degradation in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The sensor uses a silver-based conductive ink as the temperature-sensitive material. Electrodes are printed on a polyimide substrate via screen printing

followed by low-temperature sintering and polydimethylsiloxane encapsulation

producing a flexible structure with a 41-μm thickness. Calibration tests in a temperature-humidity chamber with a precision source meter demonstrate a sensitivity of 0.035 Ω/℃ over -20℃ to 80℃. The linear fitting at room temperature gives an R² of 0.998. The sensor also exhibits stable temperature-resistance characteristics and good fabrication repeatability. A coupled electrochemical-thermal model of a 3 × 3 battery module reveals the internal temperature gradient distribution. The central cells show a higher temperature increase than the peripheral cells

and the increase accelerates with discharge rate. Based on these results

the sensing film is applied to a prismatic cell and a cylindrical module for real-time temperature monitoring. The measured temperature follows the battery voltage curve with high consistency. The sensor captures the heat-generation behavior during charging and discharging

changes in current rate

and transitions between operating stages. Compared with traditional thermocouples

the sensing film has considerable advantages in terms of flexible adaptation

monitoring accuracy

cost control

and array deployment. These results confirm its feasibility and reliability for in situ temperature monitoring in various battery configurations. This study provides a new approach for refined thermal management and safety warning in LIB systems.

关键词

Keywords

references

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