Thermodynamic analysis of a novel open-cycle carnot battery system for combined electricity and heat (steam) storage

REN Shuaishuai; HUANG Shangwen; LUO Kaiqi; HUANG Yun; LUO Ercang

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1041

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Thermodynamic analysis of a novel open-cycle carnot battery system for combined electricity and heat (steam) storage

Energy Storage System and Engineering | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- Thermodynamic analysis of a novel open-cycle carnot battery system for combined electricity and heat (steam) storage
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 2, Pages: 488-499(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院理化技术研究所，北京 100190
  2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
  3.中国科学院过程工程研究所，北京 100190
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1041
  CLC： TK 02
- Received：17 November 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-18，
  
  Published：28 February 2026
- 稿件说明：
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任帅帅, 黄尚文, 罗开琦, 等. 新型开式卡诺电池储电储热(蒸汽)联供系统的热力学分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(2): 488-499.

REN Shuaishuai, HUANG Shangwen, LUO Kaiqi, et al. Thermodynamic analysis of a novel open-cycle carnot battery system for combined electricity and heat (steam) storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(2): 488-499.
任帅帅, 黄尚文, 罗开琦, 等. 新型开式卡诺电池储电储热(蒸汽)联供系统的热力学分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(2): 488-499. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1041.

REN Shuaishuai, HUANG Shangwen, LUO Kaiqi, et al. Thermodynamic analysis of a novel open-cycle carnot battery system for combined electricity and heat (steam) storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(2): 488-499. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1041.

摘要

卡诺电池因其独特的热-电转换工作特性可将储能系统拓展为热电联供系统，具有结构简单

、经济性高、环境友好等优势。为进一步提高卡诺电池的工作效率和储电密度，本工作提出了一种新型的基于开式朗肯热力学过程的储电储热电-蒸汽联供系统，并建立了系统与各部件的热力学仿真模型。研究表明，在高温端设计温度250℃、低温端设计温度120℃、压缩机等熵效率0.85、膨胀机等熵效率0.9的情况下，系统采用水作为工质，硝酸锂、赤藓糖醇分别作为高低温储热材料时，其电-电往返效率达到71.64%，电-热(蒸汽)联供综合效率可达87.69%，储电密度可达12.10 kWh/m

，并与相同工况及假设下的典型闭式卡诺电池进行了对比，结果表明电-电往返效率明显提升。进一步对系统进行了参数敏感性分析，分析了压缩机入口气相分率与出口压力对系统电-电往返效率及电-热(蒸汽)联供综合效率等系统热力学性能的影响，研究了压缩机与膨胀机等熵效率以及储水罐降温增差大小对系统关键指标的影响。本研究结果为开式卡诺电池的设计优化与应用提供了理论支持。

Abstract

The unique thermoelectric conversion capability of Carnot battery allows its expansion into a combined heat and power system with several advantages

including simple structure

cost-efficiency

and environmental friendliness. To further improve the efficiency and electrical energy storage density of Carnot batteries

a novel Rankine open-cycle energy storage system is proposed for combined electricity and steam generation

based on thermodynamic models for the system and its components. The results demonstrate that under design conditions with high/low-temperature ends at 250℃/120℃

compressor/expander isentropic efficiencies of 0.85/0.9

using water as the working fluid and lithium nitrate/erythritol as thermal storage materials

the system achieves an electrical round-trip efficiency of 71.64%

a combined electrical-thermal efficiency of 87.69%

and an electrical energy storage density of 12.1 kWh/m

. Compared with a typical closed-cycle Carnot battery under the same working conditions and assumptions

the proposed system shows a substantial improvement in the electrical round-trip efficiency. Furthermore

a parameter sensitivity analysis is performed to (1) study the effects of the compressor inlet gas-phase fraction and outlet pressure on the electrical round-trip efficiency and combined electrical-thermal (steam) efficiency

and (2) analyze the effects of the compressor and expander isentropic efficiencies and the tank cooling on the key performance indicators of the system. This study provides a theoretical

foundation for the design optimization and practical application of open-cycle Carnot batteries.

关键词

Keywords

references

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