Simulation research on direct-fixed bed of calcium-based thermochemical heat storage with electrically heated ventilation tube

LI Yue; JIANG Lei; YAN Jun; ZHANG Yelong; ALI Muddassir; ALI Muzaffar

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1029

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Simulation research on direct-fixed bed of calcium-based thermochemical heat storage with electrically heated ventilation tube

Special Issue on Multi\-Scenario Applications of Thermal and Cold Energy Storage | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- Simulation research on direct-fixed bed of calcium-based thermochemical heat storage with electrically heated ventilation tube
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 3, Pages: 859-871(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.上海交通大学中英国际低碳学院，上海 201100
  2.上海交通大学工程热物理研究所，上海 200240
  3.江苏双良锅炉有限公司，江苏无锡 214400
  4.塔克西拉工程技术大学能源工程系，巴基斯坦塔克西拉 47050
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1029
  CLC： TB 332;TK 02;TK 513
- Received：13 November 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-11-28，
  
  Published：28 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李玥, 姜磊, 闫君, 等. 通气管通电内加热钙基热化学储热直接式固定床仿真研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 859-871.

LI Yue, JIANG Lei, YAN Jun, et al. Simulation research on direct-fixed bed of calcium-based thermochemical heat storage with electrically heated ventilation tube[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 859-871.
李玥, 姜磊, 闫君, 等. 通气管通电内加热钙基热化学储热直接式固定床仿真研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 859-871. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1029.

LI Yue, JIANG Lei, YAN Jun, et al. Simulation research on direct-fixed bed of calcium-based thermochemical heat storage with electrically heated ventilation tube[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 859-871. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1029.

摘要

随着能源供给结构的持续优化，储能技术逐渐成为研究热点。直接式固定床反应器作为一种重要的热化学储热装置，因其结构特性存在能量输入效率低、储热效率受传质能力限制等问题，影响其工业化应用。为解决这些问题，设计了一种新型热化学储热直接式固定床。该装置将通气管道同时作为电加热元件进行内加热，提高了能量输入效率；通过多流道设计，有效提高传质性能。为评估装置储热效果，采用了三维数值模拟方法，研究气-固化学反应、多孔介质内的传热传质与流体流动等物理场分布规律，并分析了压力、孔隙率、加热功率等参数对储热过程的影响。结果表明，反应床具有高度对称性，且反应床内存在明显的温度梯度；水蒸气分压、孔隙率、放热功率都会从不同角度影响反应进度与平衡。本研究揭示了钙基热化学储热固定床内部多物理场耦合机理，阐明了不同工况相互作用效果，为固定床反应器设计提供理论依据。

Abstract

With the continuous optimization of the energy supply structure

energy storage technologies have become a major research focus. Direct fixed-bed reactors

as key thermochemical energy storage devices

face challenges such as low energy input efficiency and limited heat storage efficiency due to mass transfer constraints

which hinder their industrial application. To address these issues

a novel thermochemical energy storage direct fixed-bed reactor was designed. This device integrates the ventilation pipeline as an electric heating element for internal heating

thereby improving energy input efficiency

while a multi-channel design enhances mass transfer performance. The heat storage performance of the reactor was evaluated using three-dimensional numerical simulations to investigate the distribution of gas-solid chemical reactions

heat transfer

mass transfer

and fluid flow within the porous medium. The effects of operational parameters

including pressure

porosity

and heating power

on the heat storage process were also analyzed. Results indicate that the reactor bed exhibits high symmetry with a pronounced temperature gradient. Factors such as vapor pressure

porosity

and heat release power significantly influence reaction progress and equilibrium from different perspectives. This study elucidates the coupling mechanisms of multiple physical fields within a calcium-based thermochemical energy storage fixed bed

clarifies the interaction effects of various operational conditions

and provides a theoretical foundation for the design of fixed-bed reactors.

关键词

Keywords

references

肖振坤, 陈珍, 杨壮, 等. 基于相变储热的先进高温热泵储能单元的热力学分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(12): 4330-4338. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0910.

XIAO Z K, CHEN Z, YANG Z, et al. Thermodynamic analysis of an advanced high-temperature heat pump energy storage unit based on phase-change heat storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(12): 4330-4338. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0910.

GBENOU T R S, FOPAH-LELE A, WANG K J, et al. Recent status and prospects on thermochemical heat storage processes and applications[J]. Entropy, 2021, 23(8): DOI:10.3390/e23080953.

SALEH H M, HASSAN A I. The challenges of sustainable energy transition: A focus on renewable energy[J]. Applied Chemical Engineering, 2024, 7(2): 2084. DOI:10.59429/ace.v7i2.2084.

WANG K, YAN T, LI R K, et al. A review for Ca(OH) 2 /CaO thermochemical energy storage systems[J ] . Journal of Energy Storage, 2022, 50: 104612. DOI:10.1016/j.est.2022.104612.

HOLTTINEN H. Impact of hourly wind power variations on the system operation in the Nordic countries[J]. Wind Energy, 2005, 8(2): 197-218. DOI:10.1002/we.143.

LAMSAL D, SREERAM V, MISHRA Y, et al. Output power smoothing control approaches for wind and photovoltaic generation systems: A review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, 113: 109245. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109245.

ZHANG H, WANG H, ZHU X, et al. A review of waste heat recovery technologies towards molten slag in steel industry[J]. Applied Energy, 2013, 112: 956-966. DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy. 2013.02.019.

PARDO P, DEYDIER A, ANXIONNAZ-MINVIELLE Z, et al. A review on high temperature thermochemical heat energy storage[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014, 32: 591-610. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2013.12.014.

OLIVKAR P R, KATEKAR V P, DESHMUKH S S, et al. Effect of sensible heat storage materials on the thermal performance of solar air heaters: State-of-the-art review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2022, 157: 112085. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112085.

ZHANG S G, ZHANG H, XI X M, et al. A review of design considerations and performance enhancement techniques for thermocline thermal energy storage systems[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2025, 212: 115388. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2025.115388.

FENG D L, FENG Y H, QIU L, et al. Review on nanoporous composite phase change materials: Fabrication, characterization, enhancement and molecular simulation[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, 109: 578-605. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.041.

YIN S W, HAN J W, ZHANG C, et al. Preparation and thermal properties of a novel modified ammonium alum/expanded graphite composite phase change material[J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2023, 32(6): 2093-2103. DOI:10.1007/s11630-023-1825-8.

ABEDIN A H. A critical review of thermochemical energy storage systems[J]. The Open Renewable Energy Journal, 2011, 4(1): 42-46. DOI:10.2174/1876387101004010042.

SCAPINO L, ZONDAG H A, VAN BAEL J, et al. Energy density and storage capacity cost comparison of conceptual solid and liquid sorption seasonal heat storage systems for low-temperature space heating[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 76: 1314-1331. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.101.

ZHAO J, KORBA D, MISHRA A, et al. Particle-based high-temperature thermochemical energy storage reactors[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2024, 102: 101143. DOI:10.1016/j.pecs.2024.101143.

ANDRÉ L, ABANADES S, FLAMANT G. Screening of thermochemical systems based on solid-gas reversible reactions for high temperature solar thermal energy storage[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 64: 703-715. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2016.06.043.

PAN Z H, ZHAO C Y. Gas-solid thermochemical heat storage reactors for high-temperature applications[J]. Energy, 2017, 130: 155-173. DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.102.

HAN X Y, WANG L, LING H S, et al. Critical review of thermochemical energy storage systems based on cobalt, manganese, and copper oxides[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2022, 158: 112076. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112076.

ZHANG H L, BAEYENS J, CÁCERES G, et al. Thermal energy storage: Recent developments and practical aspects[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2016, 53: 1-40. DOI:10.1016/j.pecs.2015.10.003.

SHI H S, ZHAO Y J, LI W W. Effects of temperature on the hydration characteristics of free lime[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2002, 32(5): 789-793. DOI:10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00714-7.

COMMANDRÉ J M, SALVADOR S, NZIHOU A. Reactivity of laboratory and industrial limes[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2007, 85(4): 473-480. DOI:10.1205/cherd 06200.

CRIADO Y A, ALONSO M, ABANADES J C. Enhancement of a CaO/Ca(OH) 2 based material for thermochemical energy storage[J ] . S olar Energy, 2016, 135: 800-809. DOI:10.1016/j.solener. 2016.06.056.

SEPULVEDA N A, JENKINS J D, EDINGTON A, et al. The design space for long-duration energy storage in decarbonized power systems[J]. Nature Energy, 2021, 6(5): 506-516. DOI:10.1038/s41560-021-00796-8.

GUPTA A, ARMATIS P D, SABHARWALL P, et al. Kinetics of Ca(OH) 2 decomposition in pure Ca(OH) 2 and Ca(OH) 2 -CaTiO 3 composite pellets for application in thermochemical energy storage system[J ] . Chemical Engineering Science, 2021, 246: 116986. DOI:10.1016/j.ces.2021.116986.

RUI B N. Review on thermal properties and reaction kinetics of Ca(OH) 2 /CaO thermochemical energy storage materials[J ] . Electrical Materials and Applications, 2024, 1: e12007. DOI:10.1049/ema3.12007.

CRIADO Y A, ALONSO M, ABANADES J C. Kinetics of the CaO/Ca(OH) 2 hydration/dehydration reaction for thermochemical energy storage applications[J ] . Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2014, 53(32): 12594-12601.

YAN J, ZHAO C Y. First-principle study of CaO/Ca(OH) 2 thermochemical energy storage system by Li or Mg cation doping[J ] . Chemical Engineering Science, 2014, 117: 293-300. DOI:10.1016/j.ces.2014.07.007.

YAN J, ZHAO C Y. Thermodynamic and kinetic study of the dehydration process of CaO/Ca(OH) 2 thermochemical heat storage system with Li doping[J ] . Chemical Engineering Science, 2015, 138: 86-92. DOI:10.1016/j.ces.2015.07.053.

PARDO P, ANXIONNAZ-MINVIELLE Z, ROUGÉ S, et al. Ca(OH) 2 /CaO reversible reaction in a fluidized bed reactor for thermochemical heat storage[J ] . Solar Energy, 2014, 107: 605-616. DOI:10.1016/j.solener.2014.06.010.

SCHMIDT M, SZCZUKOWSKI C, ROßKOPF C, et al. Experimental results of a 10 kW high temperature thermochemical storage reactor based on calcium hydroxide[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014, 62(2): 553-559. DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.09.020.

SCHAUBE F, KOHZER A, SCHÜTZ J, et al. De- and rehydration of Ca(OH) 2 in a reactor with direct heat transfer for thermo-chemical heat storage. Part A: Experimental results[J ] . Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2013, 91(5): 856-864. DOI:10.1016/j.cherd.2012.09.020.

YAN J, JIANG L, ZHAO C Y, et al. Numerical simulation of the Ca(OH) 2 /CaO thermochemical heat storage process in an internal heating fixed-bed reactor[J ] . Sustainability, 2023, 15(9): DOI:10.3390/su15097141.

邓畅, 潘智豪, 闫君, 等. 氧化钙-氢氧化钙热化学储热系统放热数值分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2018, 7(2): 248-254. DOI:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2017.0168.

DENG C, PAN Z H, YAN J, et al. Numerical study on exothermic process of a CaO-Ca(OH) 2 thermochemical heat storage system[J ] . Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(2): 248-254. DOI:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2017.0168.

SCHAUBE F, UTZ I, WÖRNER A, et al. De- and rehydration of Ca(OH) 2 in a reactor with direct heat transfer for thermo-chemical heat storage. Part B: Validation of model[J ] . Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2013, 91(5): 865-873. DOI:10.1016/j.cherd.2013.02.019.

MA Z H, SUN J, WANG B Q, et al. Numerical and experimental studies of a novel compact sandwich-type plate reactor for thermochemical energy storage[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 497: 154531. DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2024.154531.

ZSEMBINSZKI G, SOLÉ A, BARRENECHE C, et al. Review of reactors with potential use in thermochemical energy storage in concentrated solar power plants[J]. Energies, 2018, 11(9): DOI:10.3390/en11092358.

YAN J, ZHAO C Y. Experimental study of CaO/Ca(OH) 2 in a fixed-bed reactor for thermochemical heat storage[J ] . Applied Energy, 2016, 175: 277-284. DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.038.

LINDER M, ROSSKOPF C, SCHMIDT M, et al. Thermochemical energy storage in kW-scale based on CaO/Ca(OH) 2 [J ] . Energy Procedia, 2014, 49: 888-897. DOI:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.03.096.

孙霄龙, 龚海艇, 陈臻, 等. 钙基热化学储热反应器传热传质协同强化及储热特性研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(3): 1198-1209. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0048.

SUN X L, GONG H T, CHEN Z, et al. Synergistic enhancement of heat and mass transfer and heat storage characteristics in calcium-based thermochemical heat storage reactors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(3): 1198-1209. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0048.

ALI H, BHATTI A, ALI M. An experimental investigation of performance of a double pass solar air heater with thermal storage medium[J]. Thermal Science, 2015, 19(5): 1699-1708. DOI:10.2298/tsci140824140a.

DAI L, LONG X F, LOU B, et al. Thermal cycling stability of thermochemical energy storage system Ca(OH) 2 /CaO[J ] . Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 133: 261-268. DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.01.059.

RANJHA Q, VAHEDI N, OZTEKIN A. High-temperature thermochemical energy storage-heat transfer enhancements within reaction bed[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 163: 114407. DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114407.

CHEN J T, XIA B Q, ZHAO C Y. Topology optimization for heat transfer enhancement in thermochemical heat storage[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 154: 119785. DOI:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119785.

余银生, 邹星宇, 吕凤, 等. 基于内热源螺旋翅片的CaO/Ca(OH) 2 热化学储能反应器传热强化[J ] . 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(12): 4770-4779.

YU Y S, ZOU X Y, LYU F, et al. Heat transfer enhancement of CaO/Ca(OH) 2 thermochemical energy storage reactor based on internal heat source spiral fins[J ] . Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(12): 4770-4779.

WANG M Y, CHEN L, HE P, et al. Numerical study and enhancement of Ca(OH) 2 /CaO dehydration process with porous channels embedded in reactors[J ] . Energy, 2019, 181: 417-428. DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.184.

WANG M Y, CHEN L, ZHOU Y H, et al. Numerical simulation of the physical-chemical-thermal processes during hydration reaction of the calcium oxide/calcium hydroxide system in an indirect reactor[J]. Transport in Porous Media, 2021, 140(3): 667-696. DOI:10.1007/s11242-020-01514-w.

RISTHAUS K, BÜRGER I, LINDER M, et al. Numerical analysis of the hydration of calcium oxide in a fixed bed reactor based on lab-scale experiments[J]. Applied Energy, 2020, 261: 114351. DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114351.

SCHAUBE F, KOCH L, WÖRNER A, et al. A thermodynamic and kinetic stud y of the de- and rehydration of Ca(OH) 2 at high H 2 O partial pressures for thermo-chemical heat storage[J ] . Thermochimica Acta, 2012, 538: 9-20. DOI:10.1016/j.tca.2012.03.003.

RANJHA Q, OZTEKIN A. Numerical analyses of three-dimensional fixed reaction bed for thermochemical energy storage[J]. Renewable Energy, 2017, 111: 825-835. DOI:10.1016/j.renene.2017.04.062.

SEITZ G, HELMIG R, CLASS H. A numerical modeling study on the influence of porosity changes during thermochemical heat storage[J]. Applied Energy, 2020, 259: 114152. DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114152.

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Dynamic modeling and typical-day operational characteristics of a solid thermal storage-coupled heating system driven by wind and solar power

Advances in research on solid particle heat storage materials

Modeling and performance study of the electricity-to-heat process in a Carnot battery coupled with a heat pump and electric heating

Investigation on synthesis of Y2O3/ZrO2 co-stabilized Cu/Ca composites and their thermochemical energy storage properties

Research progress in Prussian blue-type cathode materials for aqueous multivalent metal-ion batteries

Related Author

Ali Muzaffar

Ali Muddassir

YU Dong

LIU Junqing

HAN Yu

ZHANG Biao

LI Lei

GAO Jing

Related Institution

Energy Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

Guoneng Yulin Energy Co., Ltd.

National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

⁰