Internal short-circuit modeling and safety performance improvement in sodium-ion batteries

NIE Yang; HE Wei; XU Xiongwen; TU Jian; ZHOU Bixiang; XIE Jian

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1028

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Internal short-circuit modeling and safety performance improvement in sodium-ion batteries

Energy Storage Test\: Methods and Evaluation | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- Internal short-circuit modeling and safety performance improvement in sodium-ion batteries
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 2, Pages: 628-636(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.湖南立方新能源科技有限责任公司，湖南株洲 412000
  2.中国船级社武汉分社，湖北武汉 430000
  3.浙江大学材料科学与工程学院，浙江杭州 310058
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1028
  CLC： TM 912.9
- Received：13 November 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-10，
  
  Published：28 February 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
聂阳, 何伟, 徐雄文, 等. 钠离子电池内短路模型构建与安全性能提升[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(2): 628-636.

NIE Yang, HE Wei, XU Xiongwen, et al. Internal short-circuit modeling and safety performance improvement in sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(2): 628-636.
聂阳, 何伟, 徐雄文, 等. 钠离子电池内短路模型构建与安全性能提升[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(2): 628-636. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1028.

NIE Yang, HE Wei, XU Xiongwen, et al. Internal short-circuit modeling and safety performance improvement in sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(2): 628-636. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1028.

摘要

锂离子电池内短路(ISC)机制已被广泛研究，鉴于钠离子电池与锂离子电池结构较为类似，其内短路机制可以参考锂离子电池的研究成果。但是，考虑到两者使用的主材和辅材存在差异，其短路机制的差异仍需要进一步模拟验证。本工作采用1 Ah级的软包钠离子电池，通过缺孔挤压的试验方案，对钠离子电池中4种类型的内短路模型进行模拟，并且比较了磷酸铁锂(LFP)和三元(NCM)体系的锂离子电池和钠离子电池在最严苛短路方式下发热情况。发现钠离子电池在4种内短路模型中，负极材料与正极集流体(Al-An)短路过程发热最为严重。而与锂离子电池相比，相同的内短路模型下钠离子电池温升更高。由于钠电负极集流体铝箔和锂电负极集流体铜箔的电导率、导热性和化学稳定性存在差异，通过单因子试验，发现将钠电负极集流体改为铜箔，能显著降低钠离子电池内短路过程的局部温升。进一步实验采用型号为32700的商业圆柱钠离子电池，验证了负极使用铜集流体能够显著提高针刺通过率，为钠离子电池的安全性能提升和商业化提供解决思路。

Abstract

The internal short-circuit (ISC) mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been extensively studied. Given the structural similarities between sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and LIBs

research on SIB ISC mechanisms can draw from LIB studies. However

simulation validation for SIBs remains essential due to differences in key and auxiliary materials. In this study

1 Ah pouch SIBs were used to simulate four ISC models and to compare the thermal behavior of SIBs and LIBs (e.g.

lithium iron phosphate and nickel cobalt manganese) under the most severe short-circuit conditions. The results show that SIBs exhibit the highest heat generation in the Al-anode ISC mode

with significantly higher temperature rises than LIBs under identical conditions. Differences in electrical conductivity

thermal conductivity

and chemical stability between aluminum foil (used in SIB anodes) and copper foil (used in LIB anodes) prompted a single-factor experiment in which the SIB anode current collector was replaced with copper foil. This modification significantly reduced localized temperature rise during the ISC process in SIBs. Further experiments using commercial 32700 SIBs confirmed that using a copper foil current collector significantly improves the nail-penetration pass rate

offering a viable strategy to enhance safety performance of SIBs for commercialization.

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