Experimental study on thermal management of all-weather batteries based on high-concentration phase change microcapsule suspension

WEN Jian; XIA Zhihao; AN Yingxian; WEN Han; KE Fanglong; HU Zhangmao; WANG Wei; LYU Youfu

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1000

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Experimental study on thermal management of all-weather batteries based on high-concentration phase change microcapsule suspension

Special Issue on Multi\-Scenario Applications of Thermal and Cold Energy Storage | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- Experimental study on thermal management of all-weather batteries based on high-concentration phase change microcapsule suspension
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 3, Pages: 828-837(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  长沙理工大学能源与动力工程学院，湖南长沙 410000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1000
  CLC： TB 61
- Received：04 November 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-02，
  
  Published：28 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
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文健, 夏志豪, 安英贤, 等. 基于高浓度相变微胶囊悬浮液的全气候电池热管理实验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 828-837.

WEN Jian, XIA Zhihao, AN Yingxian, et al. Experimental study on thermal management of all-weather batteries based on high-concentration phase change microcapsule suspension[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 828-837.
文健, 夏志豪, 安英贤, 等. 基于高浓度相变微胶囊悬浮液的全气候电池热管理实验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(3): 828-837. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1000.

WEN Jian, XIA Zhihao, AN Yingxian, et al. Experimental study on thermal management of all-weather batteries based on high-concentration phase change microcapsule suspension[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(3): 828-837. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.1000.

摘要

为确保电动汽车锂电池在-30～40℃的宽温域安全稳定运行，需依赖高效的热管理系统进行精准温控，以应对低温导致的容量衰减与高温引发的热失控风险。相变微胶囊悬浮液(MPCMS)是一种新兴的电池热管理工质，近年来的研究主要集中在其低浓度范围。本研究提出了一种基于高质量浓度(5%～30%)MPCMS的全气候电池热管理系统，并通过电加热棒模拟电池热负荷，系统研究了其在低温储热保温、常温储冷吸热及高温散热冷却三种典型工况下的热管理性能。研究表明，在-30℃低温条件下，与无MPCMS的热管理情况下，质量分数为5%、15%和30% MPCMS与保温层协同可使保温时间分别延长12.4%、24.9%和34.1%；当环境温度处于常温(低于微胶囊相变点，23℃)时，MPCMS可以有效地吸收电池放电产生的热量，在1 C、2 C和3 C放电发热工况下较无MPCMS系统最大降温达2.6℃、4.7℃和5.2℃，同时质量分数为15% MPCMS在潜热吸收与对流换热能力中取得了最优平衡；在40℃的高温环境中，即使加热棒在质量分数为30% MPCMS中模拟3 C放电热负荷工况下，通过控制冷却水入口温度与环境温度的温差为10℃，也可将系统温度稳定在40℃以下。

Abstract

Ensuring the safe and stable operation of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles across a wide temperature range of -30℃ to 40℃ requires highly efficient battery thermal management systems (BTMS) capable of precise temperature regulation. Such systems mitigate capacity degradation at low temperatures and reduce the risk of thermal runaway at high temperatures. Microencapsulated phase change material slurry (MPCMS) has emerged as a promising working fluid for BTMS applications. While prior studies have primarily focused on low-concentration MPCMS

this study investigates a comprehensive all-climate BTMS employing MPCMS at high mass fractions (5%—30%). The thermal management performance of the system was systematically evaluated under three representative operating scenarios: thermal insulation and storage at low temperatures

cold storage and heat absorption at moderate temperatures

and heat dissipation and cooling at high temperatures. Electrically heated rods were used to simulate battery thermal loads. Experimental results indicate that

under low-temperature conditions (-30℃)

the inclusion of 5%

15%

and 30% MPCMS

in synergy with an insulation layer

extended thermal preservation time by 12.4%

24.9%

and 34.1%

respectively

compared to a system without MPCMS. At moderate ambient temperature (23℃

below the phase-change point of the microcapsules)

MPCMS effectively absorbs heat generated during battery discharge. Under 1 C

2 C

and 3 C discharge rates

the maximum temperature reductions achieved were 2.6℃

4.7℃

and 5.2℃

respectively

relative to the system without MPCMS. Notably

the 15% MPCMS formulation exhibited an optimal balance between latent heat absorption capacity and convective heat transfer performance. Under high-temperature conditions (40℃)

even when the heating rod simulated a 3 C discharge thermal load

the system with 30% MPCMS maintained the battery temperature below 40℃ by sustaining a 10℃ temperature difference between the cooling water inlet and the ambient environment. These findings highlight the significant potential of high-concentration MPCMS as an effective thermal management medium for lithium-ion batteries

enabling reliable thermal regulation across diverse and challenging climatic conditions.

关键词

Keywords

references

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