High-energy lithium metal batteries based on ultrathin Li-based composite anodes

WANG Xuhao; LIU Wenting; ZHANG Fengping; LANG Jihui; NING De; ZHANG Jie; CHEN Ming; ZHONG Guohua; YANG Chunlei; WU Wei

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0944

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

High-energy lithium metal batteries based on ultrathin Li-based composite anodes

Special Column of Beyond 500Wh/kg Battery | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- High-energy lithium metal batteries based on ultrathin Li-based composite anodes
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 4, Pages: 1493-1501(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.吉林师范大学功能材料物理与化学教育部重点实验室，吉林四平 136000
  2.中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院，广东深圳 518055
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0944
  CLC： TM 911
- Received：23 October 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-23，
  
  Published：28 April 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
王旭昊, 刘文婷, 张凤萍, 等. 基于超薄锂基复合负极的高能量锂金属电池[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(4): 1493-1501.

WANG Xuhao, LIU Wenting, ZHANG Fengping, et al. High-energy lithium metal batteries based on ultrathin Li-based composite anodes[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(4): 1493-1501.
王旭昊, 刘文婷, 张凤萍, 等. 基于超薄锂基复合负极的高能量锂金属电池[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(4): 1493-1501. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0944.

WANG Xuhao, LIU Wenting, ZHANG Fengping, et al. High-energy lithium metal batteries based on ultrathin Li-based composite anodes[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(4): 1493-1501. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0944.

摘要

本研究提出一种Li

S掺杂调控策略，通过熔融涂布制备10 μm超薄Li@Li

S复合锂箔，实现高能量密度、长循环锂金属电池的高效构建。Li

S与铜基底间较低的界面形成能显著改善熔融锂对铜的润湿性，助力超薄锂箔的大面积、高效率制备。同时，Li

S掺杂在改善锂负极对锂离子和电解液中锂盐阴离子的吸附能力、有效抑制枝晶生长并提升锂沉积均匀性的同时，协同诱导富无机组分固体电解质中间相膜的优先形成。该复合锂箔与高负载正极在负极/正极面容量比

1的少锂型锂金属电池体系中均展现出优异的循环稳定性，其中Li@Li

S||Ni92软包全电池(正极负载22.9 mg/cm

，面容量4.6 mAh/cm

)兼具超高能量密度(520 Wh/kg，1350 Wh/L)及长循环性能(0.2 C循环50次容量保持率99.8%)。这种“界面能-吸附能”双调控策略，既有效解决了纯锂熔融涂布过程中润湿性差、厚度不均等技术难题，还为电化学循环中的锂沉积行为和表面膜成分提供了良好的调控基础，有望为高比能、长循环锂金属电池的实用化突破提供低成本、可规模化的新路径。

Abstract

This study proposes a Li

S doping strategy to fabricate 10 μm ultrathin Li@Li

S composite Li foils via molten casting

enabling the efficient construction of high-energy-density and long-cycle lithium meta

l batteries (LMBs). The low interfacial formation energy between Li

S and the Cu substrate improves the wettability of molten Li on Cu

allowing large-area

continuous preparation of ultrathin Li foils. Meanwhile

S doping enhances the adsorption of Li ions and electrolyte anions on the Li anode

suppressing dendrite growth

improving Li deposition uniformity

and synergistically promoting the preferential formation of an inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase. The composite Li foil exhibits excellent cycling stability with high-loading cathodes in Li-limited LMBs with a negative/positive (N/P) areal capacity ratio

1. Notably

the Li@Li

S||Ni92 pouch full cell (cathode loading = 22.9 mg/cm

areal capacity = 4.6 mAh/cm

) achieves ultrahigh energy density (520 Wh/kg

1350 Wh/L) and long-cycle performance (99.8% capacity retention after 50 cycles at 0.2 C). This "interfacial energy-adsorption energy" dual-regulation strategy resolves poor wettability and uneven thickness in pure Li molten casting while favorably modulating Li deposition and surface film composition in subsequent electrochemical cycles

offering a low-cost

scalable pathway for practical high-energy-density

long-cycle LMBs.

关键词

Keywords

references

GAO M D, LI H, XU L, et al. Lithium metal batteries for high energy density: Fundamental electrochemistry and challenges[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2021, 59: 666-687. DOI:10.1016/j.jechem.2020.11.034.

LI Z H, ZHENG Y, LIAO C, et al. Advanced polymer materials for protecting lithium metal anodes of liquid-state and solid-state lithium batteries[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2024, 34(42): 2404427. DOI:10.1002/adfm.202404427.

张博瑜, 徐浩楠, 鲍云. 基于直流阻抗谱的锂离子电池无损安全诊断[J]. 电池, 2026, 56(1): 16-22.

ZHANG B Y, XU H N, BAO Y. Non-destructive safety diagnosis of Li-ion battery based on direct current impedance spectroscopy[J]. Battery Bimonthly, 2026, 56(1): 16-22.

GUO Y P, LI H Q, ZHAI T Y. Reviving lithium-metal anodes for next-generation high-energy batteries[J]. Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(29): 1700007. DOI:10.1002/adma.201700007.

巩文豪, 李蒙, 张涛, 等. 高能量长续航无人机电池的开发及制备[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(8): 2550-2558. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0147.

GONG W H, LI M, ZHANG T, et al. Development and fabrication of high-energy and long-endurance Li-ion batteries for UAVs[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(8): 2550-2558. DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0147.

CHEN H, YANG Y F, BOYLE D T, et al. Free-standing ultrathin lithium metal-graphene oxide host foils with controllable thickness for lithium batteries[J]. Nature Energy, 2021, 6(8): 790-798. DOI:10.1038/s41560-021-00833-6.

ZHAO Y N, LI S P, HUANG X W, et al. Vacuum evaporation plating enabling≤10 µm ultrathin lithium foils for lithium metal batteries[J]. Small, 2024, 20(34): 2312129. DOI:10.1002/smll.202312129.

GUO Z X, WANG T R, WANG D H, et al. Combining solid solution strengthening and second phase strengthening for thinning Li metal foils[J]. ACS Nano, 2023, 17(14): 14136-14143.

XING J X, CHEN T, YI L Y, et al. Endowing Cu foil self-wettable in molten lithium: A roll-to-roll wet coating strategy to fabricate high-performance ultrathin lithium metal anodes[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2023, 63: 103067. DOI:10.1016/j.ensm.2023.103067.

ACEBEDO B, MORANT-MIÑANA M C, GONZALO E, et al. Current status and future perspective on lithium metal anode production methods[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2023, 13(13): 2203744. DOI:10.1002/aenm.202203744.

陈文艳, 贺瑞璘, 常建, 等. 不同形态液态金属电极的储锂机制研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(9): 3290-3300.

CHEN W Y, HE R L, CHANG J, et al. Investigation of lithium storage mechanisms in liquid metal electrodes with different morphologies[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(9): 3290-3300.

周国兵, 许审镇. 锂金属负极固态电解质界面膜形成和生长机理的理论研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(9): 3150-3160.

ZHOU G B, XU S Z. Progress of theoretical studies on the formation and growth mechanisms of solid electrolyte interphase at lithium metal anodes[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(9): 3150-3160.

陈珊珊, 郑翔, 王若, 等. 锂离子电池硅基负极电解液添加剂研究进展: 挑战与展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(1): 279-292.

CHEN S S, ZHENG X, WANG R, et al. Research progress in the electrolyte additives in silicon-based anode for lithium-ion batteries: Challenges and prospects[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(1): 279-292.

WU H P, JIA H, WANG C M, et al. Recent progress in understanding solid electrolyte interphase on lithium metal anodes[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2021, 11(5): 2003092. DOI:10.1002/aenm.202003092.

UMH H N, PARK J, YEO J, et al. Lithium metal anode on a copper dendritic superstructure[J]. Electrochemistry Communications, 2019, 99: 27-31. DOI:10.1016/j.elecom.2018.12.015.

CHEN B T, ZHANG J C, ZHANG T R, et al. Directly using Li 2 CO 3 as a lithiophobic interlayer to inhibit Li dend rites for high-performance solid-state batteries[J ] . ACS Energy Letters, 2023, 8(5): 2221-2231.

LI Q, ZHU S P, LU Y Y. 3D porous Cu current collector/Li-metal composite anode for stable lithium-metal batteries[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2017, 27(18): 1606422. DOI:10.1002/adfm.201606422.

CHENG X B, HOU T Z, ZHANG R, et al. Dendrite-free lithium deposition induced by uniformly distributed lithium ions for efficient lithium metal batteries[J]. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(15): 2888-2895. DOI:10.1002/adma.201506124.

BETZ J, BIEKER G, MEISTER P, et al. Theoretical versus practical energy: A plea for more transparency in the energy calculation of different rechargeable battery systems[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2019, 9(22): 1900761. DOI:10.1002/aenm.201900761.

XU C R, PENG B, YANG W J, et al. High energy density lithium battery systems: From key cathode materials to pouch cell design[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2025, 54(21): 10245-10303.

NIU C J, LIU D Y, LOCHALA J A, et al. Balancing interfacial reactions to achieve long cycle life in high-energy lithium metal batteries[J]. Nature Energy, 2021, 6(7): 723-732. DOI:10.1038/s41560-021-00852-3.

LI Y Q, WANG Z C, LIN W T, et al. A concentrated electrolyte of LiTFSI and dimethyl carbonate for high-voltage Li batteries[J]. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2023, 6(18): 9337-9346.

KIM M S, ZHANG Z W, WANG J Y, et al. Revealing the multifunctions of Li 3 N in the suspension electrolyte for lithium metal batteries[J ] . ACS Nano, 2023, 17(3): 3168-3180. DOI:10.1021/acsnano.2c12470.

TAN J, MATZ J, DONG P, et al. A growing appreciation for the role of LiF in the solid electrolyte interphase[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2021, 11(16): 2100046. DOI:10.1002/aenm.202100046.

XU Q S, LI T, JU Z J, et al. Li 2 ZrF 6 -based electrolytes for durable lithium metal batteries[J ] . Nature, 2025, 637(8045): 339-346. DOI:10.1038/s41586-024-08294-z.

HAO Z M, LU Y, YANG G J, et al. Designing current collectors to stabilize Li metal anodes[J]. Advanced Materials, 2025, 37(8): 2415258. DOI:10.1002/adma.202415258.

WANG Q D, ZHAO C L, WANG S W, et al. Interphase design for lithium-metal anodes[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2025, 147(11): 9365-9377.

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Reviews of selected 100 recent papers for lithium batteries （Feb. 1, 2026 to Mar. 29, 2026）

Fabrication of zinc-based conductive organic framework anode for high-energy-density lithium-ion capacitors

Design and development of high-stability lithium metal anodes

Primary batteries: Technological evolution, expanding applications, and future outlook

Suitability assessment and zoning for the construction of compressed air energy storage plants in China

Related Author

LI Luoning

SUN Qiangfu

CEN Guanjun

QIAO Ronghan

HAO Junfeng

ZHANG Xinxin

LIU Changyang

ZHENG Bowen

Related Institution

Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory

Wuhan Documentation and Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences

University of Jinan

Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials

⁰