Research progress on organic sacrificial salts in cathodes for sodium-ion batteries

WANG Ke; XU Sifen; ZOU Tingfeng

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0921

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Research progress on organic sacrificial salts in cathodes for sodium-ion batteries

Energy Storage Materials and Devices | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- Research progress on organic sacrificial salts in cathodes for sodium-ion batteries
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 4, Pages: 1219-1235(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.化学与精细化工广东省实验室
  2.汕头大学，广东汕头 515063
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0921
  CLC： TM 912
- Received：17 October 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-11-12，
  
  Published：28 April 2026
- 稿件说明：
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王珂, 许斯奋, 邹庭丰. 钠离子电池有机正极补钠剂研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(4): 1219-1235.

WANG Ke, XU Sifen, ZOU Tingfeng. Research progress on organic sacrificial salts in cathodes for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(4): 1219-1235.
王珂, 许斯奋, 邹庭丰. 钠离子电池有机正极补钠剂研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(4): 1219-1235. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0921.

WANG Ke, XU Sifen, ZOU Tingfeng. Research progress on organic sacrificial salts in cathodes for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(4): 1219-1235. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0921.

摘要

钠离子电池预钠化技术提供活性钠离子的第二来源，能抵消首次充电时负极不可逆的钠离子损失，进而提升正极材料利用率，有效缓解能量密度偏低问题。在众多预钠化技术中，有机正极补钠法环境适应性强，无需严格控制环境湿度，是推动预钠化技术大规模应用的理想选择。本文系统梳理并分析了已报道的有机正极补钠剂。根据官能团特征，本文将补钠剂划分为羧酸钠盐和酚钠盐两大类别，逐一介绍其核心特性，并从比容量、分解电压、反应产物、原材料价格等指标横向对比，清晰呈现各种补钠剂优劣。本文针对研究广泛的羧酸钠盐，深入剖析其补钠机理，详细阐释钠离子释放、有机阴离子失电子及重排的全过程，为理解作用机制提供思路。本文讨论了有机正极补钠剂分解产气和残留等关键问题，同时介绍了主流改善方案：碳复合技术增强导电性、纳米化处理增大反应活性、双层涂布技术改善电极结构稳定性，为性能及应用优化提供可行路径。最后，提出未来有机正极补钠剂开发的设计原则，涵盖性能、工艺和成本等维度，期望为相关技术研发与应用提供指导。

Abstract

Pre-sodiation technology for sodium-ion batteries provides an additional source of active sodium ions to compensate for irreversible sodium ion loss at the anode during the first cycle. It thus improves cathode active material utilization efficiency and alleviates low energy density. Among various pre-sodiation techniques

organic sacrificial salts in cathodes are particularly attractive owing to their high environmental adaptability and no strict humidity control

making them suitable for large-scale application. This review focuses on organic sacrificial salts in cathodes

systematically surveying and analyzing the relevant literature. Based on functional groups

these organic sacrificial salts are categorized into sodium carboxylates and sodium phenoxides. Key characteristics of each type are introduced

and comparative analysis is performed using metrics such as specific capacity

decomposition voltage

reaction products

and raw material cost

thereby highlighting their strengths and limitations. Particular attention is given to sodium carboxylates

one of the most extensively studied classes

with in-depth discussion of their compensation mechanism

including sodium ion release

organic anion oxidation

and subsequent structural rearrangement

to clarify their operational principles. Critical challenges associated with organic sacrificial salts in cathodes

including gas evolution and residue formation during decomposition

are also addressed. Mainstream performance-enhancement strategies

such as carbon compositing to improve electrical conductivity

nanonization to boost reactivity

and double-layer coating to reinforce electrode stability

are summarized. These approaches offer viable routes to optimize the performance and practicality of organic sacrificial salts in cathodes. Finally

we propose design principles for future organic sacrificial salts in cathodes

emphasizing performance

process compatibility

and cost

to guide further research and development in this field.

关键词

Keywords

references

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