Research on a multi-channel image fusion detection algorithm for surface defects of lithium-ion batteries based on FDI-YOLOv10n

WANG Yangyang; WANG Weijun; WANG Jian; HUANG Zucheng; CHEN Jinyuan; JIANG Xuyao

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0905

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Research on a multi-channel image fusion detection algorithm for surface defects of lithium-ion batteries based on FDI-YOLOv10n

Energy Storage Test\: Methods and Evaluation | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- Research on a multi-channel image fusion detection algorithm for surface defects of lithium-ion batteries based on FDI-YOLOv10n
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 4, Pages: 1396-1408(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安建筑科技大学机电工程学院，陕西西安 710055
  2.广州中国科学院先进技术研究所，广东广州 511458
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0905
  CLC： TP 274
- Received：14 October 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-11-05，
  
  Published：28 April 2026
- 稿件说明：
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王阳阳, 王卫军, 王建, 等. 基于FDI-YOLOv10n的锂离子电池表面缺陷多通道图像融合检测算法研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(4): 1396-1408.

WANG Yangyang, WANG Weijun, WANG Jian, et al. Research on a multi-channel image fusion detection algorithm for surface defects of lithium-ion batteries based on FDI-YOLOv10n[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(4): 1396-1408.
王阳阳, 王卫军, 王建, 等. 基于FDI-YOLOv10n的锂离子电池表面缺陷多通道图像融合检测算法研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(4): 1396-1408. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0905.

WANG Yangyang, WANG Weijun, WANG Jian, et al. Research on a multi-channel image fusion detection algorithm for surface defects of lithium-ion batteries based on FDI-YOLOv10n[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(4): 1396-1408. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0905.

摘要

针对镍片连接片微小缺陷(划痕、凹坑等)在二维灰度和三维深度信息中均呈现对比度低、深度变化弱的检测难点，本研究提出一种基于FDI-YOLOv10n模型的多通道图像融合检测框架。首先通过通道级图像融合方法，将灰度图像2D纹理特征与深度图像3D空间特征在通道维度深度融合，增强模型对缺陷的表征能力。其次，为进一步提升特征提取效率，设计FasterCGLU-MANet混合聚合模块，结合改进型FasterBlock-CGLU单元与MANet架构，提升特征语义表达深度并加速推理；同时引入鲁棒特征下采样(RFD)机制，通过浅层与深层分级处理策略，有效缓解了图像冗余信息干扰问题；最后，设计Inner-MPDIoU复合损失函数，结合内部区域重叠约束与边界对齐优化，显著提升了边界框回归稳定性。实验结果表明，所提模型在自制数据集上达到96.1%的mAP@0.5及333.3 帧/s的检测速度，实现锂离子电池工业级高精度与实时性的检测需求。

Abstract

Micro-defects on nickel sheet connection pieces

such as scratches and pits

are challenging to detect due to their low contrast and weak depth variations in both two-dimensional grayscale images and three-dimensional depth data. To address this challenge

this study proposes a multi-channel image fusion detection framework based on the FDI-YOLOv10n model. First

a channel-level image fusion strategy is employed to deeply integrate two-dimensional texture information from grayscale images with three-dimensional spatial features from depth images at the channel level

thereby enhancing the ability of the model to extract discriminative defect features. Second

to further improve feature extraction efficiency

a FasterCGLU-MANet hybrid aggregation module is developed by combining an improved FasterBlock-CGLU unit with the MANet architecture

enabling richer semantic feature representation while accelerating inference. Additionally

a robust feature downsampling mechanism is introduced to mitigate interference from redundant image information through a hierarchical processing strategy spanning shallow and deep network layers. Finally

an Inner-MPDIoU composite loss function is designed by integrating internal-region overlap constraints with boundary alignment optimization

thereby substantially improving the stability of bounding-box regression. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a mAP@0.5 of 96.1% and a detection speed of 333.3 fps on a self-constructed dataset

satisfying industrial requirements for high-precision and real-time defect detection in lithium-ion battery manufacturing.

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references

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