Thermal runaway multi level warning method of lithium-ion battery pack based on impedance distribution characteristics

GUO Rui; LI Mingming; LIU Yuxi; FAN Shaogui; CUI Xiaomin; XIN Yonghui

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0881

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Thermal runaway multi level warning method of lithium-ion battery pack based on impedance distribution characteristics

Energy Storage System and Engineering | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- Thermal runaway multi level warning method of lithium-ion battery pack based on impedance distribution characteristics
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 2, Pages: 525-534(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.应急管理部沈阳消防研究所，辽宁沈阳 110034
  2.烟台创为新能源科技股份有限公司，山东烟台 264006
  3.烟台哈尔滨工程大学研究院，山东烟台 264000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0881
  CLC： TM 911
- Received：29 September 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-11，
  
  Published：28 February 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
郭锐, 李明明, 刘玉玺, 等. 基于电芯阻抗分布特性的锂离子电池组热失控分级预警方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(2): 525-534.

GUO Rui, LI Mingming, LIU Yuxi, et al. Thermal runaway multi level warning method of lithium-ion battery pack based on impedance distribution characteristics[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(2): 525-534.
郭锐, 李明明, 刘玉玺, 等. 基于电芯阻抗分布特性的锂离子电池组热失控分级预警方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(2): 525-534. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0881.

GUO Rui, LI Mingming, LIU Yuxi, et al. Thermal runaway multi level warning method of lithium-ion battery pack based on impedance distribution characteristics[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(2): 525-534. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0881.

摘要

实现锂离子电池热失控预警至关重要，基于电池阻抗分析的热失控预警方法能够实现早期热失控预测，成为锂电池热失控研究热点之一。然而，由于电池阻抗随环境温度等参数变化，且大容量电池阻抗值较小，在线测试过程中存在测量误差，仅根据单个电芯阻抗分析容易带来热失控误报警。本工作提出一种基于电池阻抗分布特性的锂离子电池组热失控预测方法，通过电池组中电芯阻抗的分布趋势来预测热失控。提出代表电池阻抗变化趋势的两个特征量，分别代表平均阻抗变化趋势以及阻抗偏离程度，然后将两个特征量作为模糊控制器的输入，根据模糊控制器的输出进行分级预警。论文给出了电芯阻抗在线测量方法、热失控分级预警方法并开展了实验验证。实验电池组由10个30 Ah的磷酸铁锂电池电芯组成，采用可编程加热片对其中1只电芯加热以模拟高温高风险电芯。通过设置阈值实现了高温电芯的三级预警，其中，电芯温度小于50℃为无预警；50~70℃为预警级别1；70~100℃为预警级别2；大于100℃为预警级别3。实验结果证明了所提出热失控预测方法的正确性。

Abstract

Thermal runaway warning for lithium-ion batteries is of vital importance. Thermal runaway detection methods based on battery impedance analysis enable early prediction of thermal runaway

making them a major research focus in lithium-ion battery safety studies. Because battery impedance varies with factors such as ambient temperature

and significant measurement errors may occur in online impedance measurement

especially for high-capacity battery cells

impedance analysis of a single cell can easily lead to false thermal runaway alarms. This paper proposes a thermal runaway prediction method for lithium-ion battery packs based on the impedance distribution characteristics of cells. The method utilizes the trend of impedance variation among individual cells within a pack to forecast thermal runaway. Two characteristic parameters describing the impedance trend are introduced: the average impedance trend and the degree of impedance deviation. These parameters are used as inputs to a fuzzy logic controller to achieve multi-level early warning of thermal runaway. The online measurement method for battery cell impedance

the thermal runaway multi-level warning strategy

and experimental verification are presented. The experimental battery pack consists of ten 30 Ah LiFePO

battery cells

and a programmable heating element is used to heat one cell to simulate a high-

temperature

high-risk condition. By setting threshold values

a three-level warning scheme is established: when the cell temperature is below 50℃

no warning is issued; when the temperature is in the range of 50—70℃

the warning level is set to level 1; when the temperature is in the range of 70—100℃

the warning level is set to level 2; and when the temperature exceeds 100℃

the warning level is set to level 3. The experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed thermal runaway prediction method.

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references

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