Thermal runaway and gas release characteristics of a 160Ah polyanion-type sodium-ion battery

CHU Yuxi; MA Chang; CHEN Hongguang; JIANG Nan; ZHUO Ping

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0808

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Thermal runaway and gas release characteristics of a 160Ah polyanion-type sodium-ion battery

Energy Storage System and Engineering | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- Thermal runaway and gas release characteristics of a 160Ah polyanion-type sodium-ion battery
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 2, Pages: 479-487(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381
  2.电化学能源消防安全联合创新应急管理部重点实验室，北京 102000
  3.天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0808
  CLC： TM 911
- Received：09 September 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-10-17，
  
  Published：28 February 2026
- 稿件说明：
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储玉喜, 马畅, 陈红光, 等. 160Ah聚阴离子型钠离子电池热失控与产气特性研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(2): 479-487.

CHU Yuxi, MA Chang, CHEN Hongguang, et al. Thermal runaway and gas release characteristics of a 160Ah polyanion-type sodium-ion battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(2): 479-487.
储玉喜, 马畅, 陈红光, 等. 160Ah聚阴离子型钠离子电池热失控与产气特性研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(2): 479-487. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0808.

CHU Yuxi, MA Chang, CHEN Hongguang, et al. Thermal runaway and gas release characteristics of a 160Ah polyanion-type sodium-ion battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(2): 479-487. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0808.

摘要

当前，商用大容量钠离子电池的正极材料体系主要分为层状氧化物与聚阴离子型两大类，其中绝大多数热失控安全研究集中于层状氧化物体系，对聚阴离子型钠离子电池的热安全特性研究仍较为缺乏。本工作以160 Ah大容量聚阴离子型钠离子电池为研究对象，利用绝热加速量热仪与320 L密闭压力容器实验系统，探究了电池在绝热、外部加热及0.5 C过充滥用条件下的热失控与产气特性。研究结果表明：在绝热条件下，电池自产热起始温度(

onset

)、热失控触发温度(

)及最高温度(

max

)分别为100.94℃、180.51℃和247.02℃，其热失控最高温度显著低于同类磷酸铁锂电池。外部加热触发热失控后，释放气体总量为93.1 L，主要成分为CO

(37.97%)、H

(31.25%)、CO(11.41%)和C

(9.38%)，电池质量损失率为20.12%。在过充条件下，电池在过充电量达标称容量29.94%时发生热失控，最高温度达272.04℃，产气总量为107.8 L，电池质量损失率为21.19%，其中H

(43.09%)、CO

(27.68%)为主要组分。本研究证实，聚阴离子型钠离子电池具有较低的热失控剧烈程度，但其产气中可燃组分比例依然较高，试验结果为大容量钠离子电池的安全设计与应用提供了重要实验依据。

Abstract

Currently

cathode material systems for commercial large-capacity sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) are mainly divided into two categories: layered oxides and polyanion-type materials. While most thermal runaway safety studies have focused on layered oxide systems

investigations into the thermal safety characteristics of polyanion-type NIBs remain limited. This study investigates the thermal runaway and gas release characteristics of a 160 Ah large-capacity polyanion-type NIB under adiabatic conditions

external heating

and 0.5 C overcharge abuse conditions

using an adiabatic accelerated calorimeter and a 320 L sealed pressure vessel experimental system. The results indicate that

under adiabatic conditions

the battery self-heating onset temperature (

onset

)

thermal runaway trigger temperature (

)

and maximum temperature (

max

) are 100.94℃

180.51℃

and 247.02℃

respectively. The maximum thermal runaway temperature of the polyanion-type NIB is significantly lower than that of comparable lithium iron phosphate batteries. Following thermal runaway triggered by external heat

ing

the total gas release is 93.1 L

primarily composed of CO

(37.97%)

(31.25%)

CO (11.41%)

and C

(9.38%)

with a battery mass-loss rate of 20.12%. Under overcharge conditions

thermal runaway occurs when the overcharge capacity reaches 29.94% of the nominal capacity

with a

max

value of 272.04℃

a total gas production of 107.8 L

and a battery mass-loss rate of 21.19%. The main components of the released gas are H

(43.09%) and CO

(27.68%). These results confirm that polyanion-type NIBs exhibit a lower thermal runaway intensity compared with lithium iron phosphate batteries; however

the proportion of flammable components in the released gas remains high. The findings provide important data for the safety design and application of large-capacity NIBs.

关键词

Keywords

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