Preparation and performance evaluation of electrochemically activated carbon felt in all-vanadium redox flow batteries

DONG Fengyang; WANG Biao

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0804

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Preparation and performance evaluation of electrochemically activated carbon felt in all-vanadium redox flow batteries

Energy Storage Materials and Devices | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- Preparation and performance evaluation of electrochemically activated carbon felt in all-vanadium redox flow batteries
- Energy Storage Science and Technology Vol. 15, Issue 2, Pages: 382-390(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  东华大学先进纤维材料全国重点实验室，材料科学与工程学院，上海 201620
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0804
  CLC： TM 911
- Received：08 September 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-09-26，
  
  Published：28 February 2026
- 稿件说明：
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董锋洋, 王彪. 全钒液流电池用电化学活化碳毡的制备及性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(2): 382-390.

DONG Fengyang, WANG Biao. Preparation and performance evaluation of electrochemically activated carbon felt in all-vanadium redox flow batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(2): 382-390.
董锋洋, 王彪. 全钒液流电池用电化学活化碳毡的制备及性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(2): 382-390. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0804.

DONG Fengyang, WANG Biao. Preparation and performance evaluation of electrochemically activated carbon felt in all-vanadium redox flow batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(2): 382-390. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0804.

摘要

全钒液流电池(VRFB)作为电网调峰的关键储能技术，其在高电流密度下的能量效率与倍率性能受限。本研究开发了一种高效电化学活化策略：通过在0.1 mol/L NH

溶液中施加10 V正电压处理原始碳毡(P-CF)，成功制备了电化学活化碳毡(E-CF)。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、接触角测试、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征，对原始碳毡和电化学活化碳毡的表面形貌、元素组成、浸润性能等进行对比分析。结果表明：①经电化学活化处理后，E-CF的整体纤维骨架保持完整，但其表面形成了蚀刻区域，并呈现出均匀分布的微裂纹结构。②活化后的碳毡表面引入丰富含氧官能团(O/C原子比从5.14%提升至28.94%)，实现超亲水表面转变(接触角从134.1°降至0°)。电化学测试表明：①E-CF的电荷转移电阻显著降低，提升钒离子反应动力学；②由E-CF组装的单电池在200 mA/cm

下获得73.54%电压效率和70.56%能量效率；③电流密度从200 mA/cm

回调至80 mA/cm

后，E-CF组装的单电池的容量保持率

80%。与常规处理工艺相比，本方法具有处理时间短、操作简便、环境友好和成本低廉的优势。

Abstract

Vanadium redox flow batteries are vital energy storage technologies for grid peak shaving. However

their energy efficiency and rate capability at high current densities remain limited. Herein

we developed an efficient electrochemical activation strategy in which pristine carbon felt (P-CF) was treated at 10 V in a 0.1 mol/L NH

solution to produce electrochemically activated carbon felt (E-CF). Comparative analyses of surface morphology

elemental composition

and wettability between P-CF and E-CF were performed using scanning electron microscopy

contact angle measurements

Raman spectroscopy

and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results reveal that (1) E-CF preserves its integral fiber framework while developing etched regions

and (2) abundant oxygen-containing functional groups are introduced

increasing the O/C atomic ratio from 5.14% to 28.94% and transforming the surface to superhydrophilic

as shown by the contact angle decreasing from 134.1° to 0°. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that ① E-CF exhibits a significantly reduced charge transfer resistance

enhancing vanadium ion reaction kinetics; ② single cells assembled with E-CF achieve a voltage efficiency of 73.54% and an energy efficiency of 70.56% at 200 mA/cm

; and ③ after reducing the

current density from 200 to 80 mA/cm

capacity retention exceeds 80%. Compared with conventional treatments

this method offers advantages such as short processing time

operational simplicity

environmental friendliness

and cost-effectiveness.

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references

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