To address the multiple constraints faced by electric vehicle (EV)-based generalized energy storage in its transition from technical feasibility to large-scale application

taking Guangzhou's transportation-energy integration practice as a case

this study systematically analyzes the development bottlenecks of EV-based generalized energy storage from four dimensions—technology

data

market

and institution—describes the specific manifestations and causes in each dimension

and proposes corresponding breakthrough pathways. The analysis shows that at the technological level

local consumption capacity is insufficient and the proportion of flexible regulation resources is low: the city's virtual power plant aggregates over 300 MW of vehicle-grid interaction resources

while NEV ownership has exceeded 1.25 million

and inconsistent communication protocols among vehicles

charging piles

and the grid further constrain cross-brand collaboration; at the data level

information exchange channels between the transportation network and the energy network have not yet been connected

and inadequate supply-demand forecasting capability directly affects dispatch accuracy; at the market level

industry revenue is highly dependent on fiscal subsidies

with discharge subsidies reaching 2—3 yuan/kWh

far higher than the peak-valley electricity price difference of 0.5—0.7 yuan/kWh

while V2G charging piles cost 2—3 times as much as conventional piles and user concerns over battery degradation suppress participation willingness; at the institutional level

transportation and energy belong to different industry systems

and the planning of roads

piles

sources

and grids lacks effective coordination. Accordingly

countermeasures are proposed from four aspects: building a digital intelligent platform

establishing a data interoperability system

cultivating market-oriented value mechanisms

and strengthening cross-departmental collaborative planning

so as to drive the generalized energy storage industry from subsidy-driven to value-driven development and provide a replicable practical reference for transportation-energy integration development in domestic megacities.