多体系氧化还原液流电池离子传导膜：进展与挑战

杨振峰; 孙建军; 魏学文; 俞佳璐; 杨若岩; 赫海博; 吴静波; 牛舒

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0832

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多体系氧化还原液流电池离子传导膜：进展与挑战

储能材料与器件 | 更新时间：2026-10-31

- 多体系氧化还原液流电池离子传导膜：进展与挑战
- Ion-conducting membranes for multi-system redox flow batteries: Progress and challenges
- 储能科学与技术 2026年页码：1-27
- 作者机构：
  
  1.三峡新能源吉木萨尔发电有限公司，新疆昌吉回族自治州 831700
  2.大连融科储能技术发展有限公司，辽宁大连 116025
- 作者简介：
  
  杨振峰（1973—），男，硕士，高级工程师，研究方向为液流电池储能技术，E-mail：yang_zhenfeng@ctg.com.cn ；
  孙建军，高级工程师，研究方向主要为储能工程，E-mail：sun_jianjun@ctg.com.cn 。
- 基金信息：
  
  中国三峡新能源（集团）股份有限公司科研项目(KJCX202500166)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0832
  中图分类号： TK 02
- 收稿：2026-09-22，
  
  修回：2026-10-23，
  
  网络首发：2026-10-31，
- 稿件说明：
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杨振峰, 孙建军, 魏学文, 等. 多体系氧化还原液流电池离子传导膜:进展与挑战[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-27.

YANG Zhenfeng, SUN Jianjun, WEI Xuewen, et al. Ion-conducting membranes for multi-system redox flow batteries: Progress and challenges[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-27.
杨振峰, 孙建军, 魏学文, 等. 多体系氧化还原液流电池离子传导膜:进展与挑战[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-27. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0832.

YANG Zhenfeng, SUN Jianjun, WEI Xuewen, et al. Ion-conducting membranes for multi-system redox flow batteries: Progress and challenges[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-27. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0832.

摘要

离子传导膜兼具阻隔正负极活性物质跨膜渗透和选择性传导载流离子的双重功能，是决定氧化还原液流电池能量效率、容量保持率和运行寿命的核心组件。本文围绕全钒、铁铬、锌基、水系有机及非水系有机等液流电池体系，梳理了膜材料在传导率、选择性、化学稳定性、机械强度和尺寸稳定性等方面的差异化需求，介绍了阳离子膜、阴离子膜、两性膜、多孔膜及复合膜等主要膜材料。综述了离子交换传导和离子筛分传导两种机制及其耦合协同方式，包括固定电荷传导、Grotthuss跳跃、亚纳米孔尺寸排阻和唐南排斥，解析离子交换传导、离子筛分传导及其耦合协同传质机制。分析了分子结构设计、微相分离与交联、表面界面功能层构筑、成膜溶剂与退火处理等策略对离子通道、选择性和稳定性的影响。指出离子传导率与活性物质选择性之间的固有权衡、非氟膜在强酸强碱及强氧化环境中的化学稳定性不足、膜溶胀与水迁移、新型膜规模化制备和电堆级验证困难等关键问题。本综述关键性提出，面向特定体系开展分子与孔道协同设计、发展离子交换-离子筛分耦合传质机制、引入抗氧化基团和交联网络提升非氟膜稳定性、优化成膜工艺并建立工艺-结构-性能定量关联，是突破现有瓶颈的有效路径。展望了多体系液流电池离子传导膜在精准设计、多性能协同优化、规模化制备和人工智能辅助开发等方面的发展方向，以推动氧化还原液流电池技术产业化。

Abstract

Ion-conducting membranes perform the dual functions of blocking cross-membrane permeation of active species between the positive and negative electrodes and selectively conducting charge-carrying ions

and are a core component determining the energy efficiency

capacity retention

and service life of redox flow batteries. This review focuses on all-vanadium

iron-chromium

zinc-based

aqueous organic

and non-aqueous organic redox flow battery systems

and reviews the differentiated requirements for membrane materials in terms of ionic conductivity

ion selectivity

chemical stability

mechanical strength

and dimensional stability. It introduces major membrane materials

including cationic membranes

anionic membranes

amphoteric membranes

porous membranes

and composite membranes. It reviews two mechanisms

ion-exchange conduction and ion-sieving conduction

and their coupled synergistic modes

including fixed-charge conduction

Grotthuss hopping

sub-nanometer pore size exclusion

and Donnan exclusion. It provides a detailed analysis of the ion exchange conduction

ion sieving conduction

and their coupled and cooperative mass transfer mechanisms. It analyzes the effects of strategies such as molecular structure design

microphase separation and crosslinking

construction of surface and interface functional layers

and casting solvent and annealing treatments on ion channels

selectivity

and stability. Key issues are pointed out

including the intrinsic trade-off between ionic conductivity and active-species selectivity

insufficient chemical stability of non-fluorinated membranes in strongly acidic

alkaline

and oxidizing environments

membrane swelling and water migration

and difficulties in scalable fabrication and stack-level validation of novel membranes. This review makes a crucial point that targeted molecular and pore co-design for specific systems

development of coupled ion-exchange and ion-sieving transport mechanisms

introduction of antioxidant groups and crosslinked networks to improve the stability of non-fluorinated membranes

optimization of membrane fabrication

and establishment of quantitative process-structure-performance relationships are effective paths to break through existing bottlenecks. Future directions are envisioned for ion-conducting membranes in multi-system flow batteries in terms of precise design

multi-property synergistic optimization

scalable manufacturing

and artificial intelligence-assisted development

so as to promote the industrialization of redox flow battery technology.

关键词

Keywords

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