全钒液流电池电极压缩比对极化特性影响的多物理场模拟

周志灏; 张开悦

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0821

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全钒液流电池电极压缩比对极化特性影响的多物理场模拟

储能材料与器件 | 更新时间：2026-10-16

- 全钒液流电池电极压缩比对极化特性影响的多物理场模拟
- Multiphysics Simulation of the Effects of Electrode Compression Ratio on Polarization Characteristics in Vanadium Flow Batteries
- 储能科学与技术 2026年页码：1-12
- 作者机构：
  
  沈阳理工大学材料科学与工程学院，辽宁沈阳 110159
- 作者简介：
  
  周志灏（2000—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为液流电池多孔电极优化，E-mail：m15841620760@163.com；
  张开悦（1988—），男，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为储能电池与材料电化学，E-mail：kyzhang@sylu.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(22309121);辽宁省属本科高校基本科研业务费专项(LJ212410144035)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0821
  中图分类号： TM 911
- 收稿：2026-09-17，
  
  修回：2026-10-15，
  
  网络首发：2026-10-16，
- 稿件说明：
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周志灏, 张开悦. 全钒液流电池电极压缩比对极化特性影响的多物理场模拟[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12.

ZHOU Zhihao, ZHANG Kaiyue. Multiphysics Simulation of the Effects of Electrode Compression Ratio on Polarization Characteristics in Vanadium Flow Batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12.
周志灏, 张开悦. 全钒液流电池电极压缩比对极化特性影响的多物理场模拟[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0821.

ZHOU Zhihao, ZHANG Kaiyue. Multiphysics Simulation of the Effects of Electrode Compression Ratio on Polarization Characteristics in Vanadium Flow Batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0821.

摘要

电极压缩通过改变多孔电极的孔隙结构和电解液流动状态，对全钒液流电池（VFB）的传输与反应过程产生显著影响，但其对不同极化分量的竞争作用机制尚不明确。本文建立涵盖流体力学、物质传递、电荷传输与电化学反应的三维全耦合多物理场模型，系统研究压缩比（CR=0.09~0.546）对电极传输行为及电池极化特性的影响。在40 mL min

-1

流量，200 mA cm

-2

及50% SOC典型工况下，随着CR由0.09增至0.546，电极孔隙率由0.828降至0.647，渗透率由8.5×10

-11

降至1.0×10

-11

；由于流通空间减小，电解液平均流速由5.5×10

-3

m s

-1

增至1.11×10

-2

m s

-1

，而压力降由4.86 kPa增至80.24 kPa。极化分析结果表明，随着压缩程度增加，欧姆极化持续降低，而活化极化逐渐升高；与此同时，恒定流量条件下流速的提高增强了对流传质，使传质极化整体保持在较低水平。由此，三种极化的综合作用使总极化随压缩比增加呈先降低后升高的非单调变化，在适当压缩比下总极化达到最低值。进一步结合局部反应电流密度和反应物浓度分布可知，轻度压缩下欧姆极化降低带来的性能增益占主导，而过度压缩后活化极化的增加逐渐超过欧姆极化的降低，最终导致总极化回升。

Abstract

Electrode compression significantly affects the transport and reaction processes in vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) by altering the pore structure of porous electrodes and electrolyte flow behavior; however

the competing effects of compression on different polarization components remain unclear. In this study

a three-dimensional fully coupled multiphysics model encompassing fluid dynamics

mass transport

charge transport

and electrochemical reactions was developed to systematically investigate the effects of compression ratio (CR = 0.09~0.546) on electrode transport behavior and battery polarization characteristics. Under a flow rate of 40 mL min

-1

and a current density of 200 mA cm

-2

at 50% SOC

increasing the CR from 0.09 to 0.546 decreased the electrode porosity from 0.828 to 0.647 and the permeability from 8.5 × 10

-11

to 1.0 × 10

-11

. Due to the reduction in the available flow space

the average electrolyte velocity increased from 5.5 × 10

-3

to 1.11 × 10

-2

m s

-1

while the pressure drop increased from 4.86 to 80.24 kPa. Polarization decomposition revealed that ohmic polarization continuously decreased with increasing compression

whereas activation polarization gradually increased. Meanwhile

under the constant-flow-rate condition

the increased electrolyte velocity enhanced convective mass transport

maintaining mass-transfer polarization at a relatively low level. Consequen

tly

the combined effects of the three polarization components caused the total polarization to vary non-monotonically with increasing CR

first decreasing and then increasing

and reaching a minimum at an appropriate compression ratio. Further analysis of the local reaction current density and reactant concentration distributions showed that the performance gain associated with reduced ohmic polarization dominated under mild compression

whereas at excessive compression

the increase in activation polarization gradually outweighed the decrease in ohmic polarization

leading to an increase in total polarization.

关键词

Keywords

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