微波加热储热装置电热特性模拟及性能优化研究

王一诺; 徐桂芝; 胡晓; 常亮; 郭志远; 张宏杰; 邓佳瑶; 陈盼盼; 吴晓康

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0760

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微波加热储热装置电热特性模拟及性能优化研究

XXXX | 更新时间：2026-10-27

- 微波加热储热装置电热特性模拟及性能优化研究
- Electrothermal Characteristic Simulation and Performance Optimization of Microwave Heating Thermal Storage Device
- 储能科学与技术 2026年页码：1-13
- 作者机构：
  
  中国电力科学研究院有限公司，北京 100191
- 作者简介：
  
  王一诺（1997—），女，硕士研究生，助理工程师，从事储热技术相关研究，E-mail：18810579972@163.com
- 基金信息：
  
  国家电网有限公司总部管理科技技术项目(5500-202455375A-3-2-HW)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0760
  中图分类号： TK 114
- 收稿：2026-09-01，
  
  修回：2026-10-23，
  
  网络首发：2026-10-26，
- 稿件说明：
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王一诺, 徐桂芝, 胡晓, 等. 微波加热储热装置电热特性模拟及性能优化研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-13.

WANG Yinuo, XU Guizhi, HU Xiao, et al. Electrothermal Characteristic Simulation and Performance Optimization of Microwave Heating Thermal Storage Device[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-13.
王一诺, 徐桂芝, 胡晓, 等. 微波加热储热装置电热特性模拟及性能优化研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-13. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0760.

WANG Yinuo, XU Guizhi, HU Xiao, et al. Electrothermal Characteristic Simulation and Performance Optimization of Microwave Heating Thermal Storage Device[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-13. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0760.

摘要

微波加热储热技术与传统电阻加热储热技术相比具有响应速度快、传热损失少等诸多优点，可快速支撑电网调节，是更加适配未来能源发展需求的新型电加热储热技术。然而，目前该技术仍处于发展初期，其装置设计时存在各项参数对储热材料的加热效果影响规律不清、加热效率及加热均匀性有待提升等突出问题。为优化微波加热储热装置性能，本文耦合电磁场与传热场构建频域-瞬态双向耦合的微波加热储热装置电热转换仿真模型，系统研究磁控管数量与布置位置、储热砖排布方式、保温材料及相变潜热等因素对储热材料温度分布、升温速率、加热均匀性及能量转换效率的影响，并且依托仿真结果，研制出6 kW级微波加热储热装置样机。仿真结果表明：在总输入能量一致条件下，增加磁控管数量可显著提升升温速率与加热均匀性，四磁控管工况升温速率可达78.88 K/min，最大温差为418.95 K；磁控管两侧布置的加热效率与温升速率优于下端+右端布置形式，但下端+右端布置加热均匀性更优

最大温差下降至372.62 K；储热砖侧放排布与叠放排布相比可优化温度均匀性，最大温差降低了36.10 K；增设保温材料会分流微波能量，加热速率降低一半以上，但可改善温度均匀性；储热材料采用具有相变潜热的相变材料时加热曲线出现温度平台，能量转换效率有效提升，达到90.68 %。本研究可为微波加热储热装置的结构设计及性能优化提升提供理论依据与实物支撑，促进微波加热储热技术在新型电力系统中的推广应用。

Abstract

Compared with traditional resistance heating thermal storage technology

microwave heating thermal storage technology has the advantages of fast response and low heat loss

which can rapidly support power grid regulation and serves as a novel electric heating thermal storage method suitable for future energy development. Nevertheless

this technology is still in the initial development stage

and there are prominent problems in device design

such as unclear influence laws of structural and operational parameters on the heating performance of thermal storage materials

as well as insufficient heating efficiency and temperature uniformity. To optimize the comprehensive performance of microwave heating thermal storage devices

a frequency-domain-transient bidirectional coupled electrothermal conversion simulation model is established by coupling electromagnetic and heat transfer fields. The effects of the number and layout of magnetrons

thermal storage brick arrangement

thermal insulation materials

and phase change latent heat on the temperature distribution

heating rate

heating uniformity

and energy conversion efficiency of thermal storage materials are systematically investigated. Based on the simulation results

a 6 kW microwave heating thermal storage device prototype is developed. The simulation results show that increasing the number of magnetrons can significantly improve the heating rate and temperature uniformity under the condition of consistent total input energy. For the four-magnetron case

the heating rate reaches 78.88 K/min with a maximum temperature difference of 418.95 K. The bilateral layout of magnetrons presents higher heating efficiency and faster temperature rise than the bottom-right layout

while the latter achieves better temperature uniformity with the maximum temperature difference reduced to 372.62 K. The side placement of thermal storage bricks can optimize temperature uniformity compared with the stacked arrangement

cutting the maximum temperature difference by 36.10 K. The addition of thermal insulation materials shunts microwave energy and reduces heating efficiency by more than half

but effectively improves the uniformity of temperature distribution. A distinct temperature plateau appears on the heating curve when phase change materials with latent heat are adopted

which effectively improves the system energy conversion efficiency to 90.68 %. This study provides reliable theoretical basis and physical support for the structural design and performance optimization of microwave heating thermal storage devices

and promotes the popularization and application of microwave heating thermal storage technology in new power systems.

关键词

Keywords

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