基于动态虚拟阻抗的全钒液流电池储能系统自启动功率分配研究

苏麦雅·艾克帕尔; 郑云平; 李义岩; 宗思佳; 朱晨宁; 黄国晟

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0733

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

基于动态虚拟阻抗的全钒液流电池储能系统自启动功率分配研究

储能XXXX | 更新时间：2026-10-23

- 基于动态虚拟阻抗的全钒液流电池储能系统自启动功率分配研究
- Research on self-start power sharing of an all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage system based on dynamic virtual impedance
- 储能科学与技术 2026年页码：1-14
- 作者机构：
  
  1.国网新疆电力有限公司电力科学研究院，新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐 830092
  2.大连理工大学电气工程学院，辽宁省大连 116024
- 作者简介：
  
  苏麦雅·艾克帕尔（2000—），女，本科，助理工程师，研究方向：新能源及储能技术，E-mail：1349223667@qq.com；
- 基金信息：
  
  “国网新疆电力有限公司科技项目资助(DQ30DK26Z00P)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0733
  中图分类号： TM 912.9
- 收稿：2026-08-25，
  
  修回：2026-10-21，
  
  网络首发：2026-10-22，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
苏麦雅·艾克帕尔, 郑云平, 李义岩, 等. 基于动态虚拟阻抗的全钒液流电池储能系统自启动功率分配研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-14.

SUMAIYA·Akpar , ZHENG Yunping, LI Yiyan, et al. Research on self-start power sharing of an all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage system based on dynamic virtual impedance[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-14.
苏麦雅·艾克帕尔, 郑云平, 李义岩, 等. 基于动态虚拟阻抗的全钒液流电池储能系统自启动功率分配研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-14. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0733.

SUMAIYA·Akpar , ZHENG Yunping, LI Yiyan, et al. Research on self-start power sharing of an all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage system based on dynamic virtual impedance[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-14. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0733.

摘要

全钒液流储能系统多台变流器支撑零压自启动过程中，功率分配不均易导致内部环流与振荡问题。提出一种基于动态虚拟阻抗的并联自启动功率分配策略。建立双分裂绕组变压器励磁等效模型，利用构网型储能变流器输出电压幅值及变化率可控的特点，将励磁涌流抑制转化为电压建立轨迹设计，依据磁通约束获得理想条件下38.2 ms的零起升压时间下限。进一步建立储能单元并联虚拟同步发电机等效模型，分析线路阻抗不一致对有功、无功功率分配的影响，在保持虚拟电阻不变的基础上，根据无功功率偏差在线调节虚拟电抗，使各支路等效传输阻抗趋于一致，实现负载功率近似均分。在Matlab/Simulink平台搭建包含两台并联500 kW全钒液流储能系统、双分裂绕组变压器和分级负荷的自启动仿真模型，设置1.0 s投入180 kW + 80 kvar关键负荷、1.5 s叠加投入200 kW+100 kvar运行负荷。结果表明，两次负荷投入后，有功功率分别均分为90 kW和190 kW。固定虚拟阻抗下，两台单元无功输出分别约为33.6/46.4 kvar和79.7/100.3 kvar；采用动态虚拟阻抗后，分别改善为40/40 kvar和90/90 kvar。负荷切换时公共耦合点电压跌落幅度小于2%，并在约0.2 s内恢复。仿真结果验证了所提策略在零起升压、功率均分及系统稳定性方面的有效性。

Abstract

During the zero-voltage self-startup of an all-vanadium redox flow battery (VFB) energy storage system supported by multiple converters

unequal power sharing may lead to internal circulating currents and oscillations

thereby affecting startup stability. A parallel self-startup power-sharing strategy based on dynamic virtual impedance is proposed. First

a magnetization equivalent model of a dual split-winding transformer is established to analyze the relationship between transient main-flux offset and excitation inrush current. The zero-voltage ramp-up time of the energy storage converters is then determined according to the flux constraint. Next

an equivalent model of parallel virtual synchronous generator (VSG)-controlled storage units is developed to investigate the effects of unequal line impedances on active- and reactive-power sharing. A dynamic virtual impedance control method based on reactive-power deviation is subsequently constructed

enabling more balanced load-power sharing among the parallel units. A self-startup simulation model is built in Matlab/Simulink

including two parallel 500 kW VFB energy storage units

a dual split-winding transformer

and staged loads. A critical load of 180 kW + 80 kvar is connected at 1.0 s

followed by an additional operating load of 200 kW + 100 kvar at 1.5 s. The results show that

after the two load-insertion stages

the active power is equally shared by the two units at 90 kW and 190 kW

respectively. With fixed virtual impedance

the reactive-power outputs of the two units are approximately 33.6/46.4 kvar and 79.7/100.3 kvar

respectively. After introducing dynamic virtual impedance

the corresponding outputs improve to 40/40 kvar and 90/90 kvar. During load switching

the voltage dip at the point of common coupling (PCC) remains below 2% and recovers within approximately 0.2 s. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in zero-voltage ramp-up

power sharing

and system stability.

关键词

Keywords

references

FAN J, NIU L, LI C, et al. Review of black start on new power system based on energy storage technology[J]. Energy Engineering, 2023, 120(12): 2857-2878.

LIU Y J, HUANG T C. Simulation study of black start using a grid-forming battery energy storage system[C]//2025 Seventh International Symposium on Computer, Consumer and Control (IS3C) . IEEE, Taichung, Taiwan. 2025: 1-4.

YAO L, YUAN Y, YANG Y, et al. Comparative analysis of grid-forming control of energy storage systems for black-start[C]//2024 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG) . IEEE, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. 2024: 1-6.

LI C, ZHANG S, LI J, et al. Coordinated control strategy of multiple energy storage power stations supporting black-start based on dynamic allocation[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2020, 31: 101683.

XIE B, XU B, LIU Z, et al. Research on black start control technology of energy storage power station based on VSG all vanadium flow battery[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2024, 2731(1): 012037.

米增强, 白俊, 刘力卿, 等. 黑启动火电机组后储能型风电场的调控策略研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2017, 6(1): 147-153.

MI Z Q, BAI J, LIU L Q, et al. Research on control strategy of energy storage wind farm after black-starting thermal power unit[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2017, 6(1): 147-153.

ZHANG T, HOU Y, DING Y, et al. An enhanced grid-forming control strategy for suppressing magnetizing inrush current during black start of wind-storage systems[J]. Electronics, 2025, 14(22): 4431.

CHEN B N, QUAN X, HU Q, et al. A novel finite control set model predictive control for transformer energization in black start[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2025, 16(4): 2752-2761.

张超, 邱晗, 李哲, 等. 储能系统离网启动的控制策略研究[J]. 电气传动, 2022, 52(13): 56-60, 67.

ZHANG C, QIU H, LI Z, et al. Research on control strategy for off-grid startup of energy storage system[J]. Electric Drive, 2022, 52(13): 56-60, 67.

Guerrero J M, De Vicuna L G, Matas J, et al. Output impedance design of parallel-connected UPS inverters with wireless load-sharing control[J]. IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, 2005, 52(4): 1126-1135.

He J, Li Y W. Analysis, design, and implementation of virtual impedance for power electronics interfaced distributed generation[J]. IEEE Transactions on industry Applications, 2011, 47(6): 2525-2538.

谢冰, 孙广宇, 杨斌, 等. 基于自适应虚拟阻抗的储能电站多机并联黑启动控制策略[J]. 可再生能源, 2025, 43(2): 243-251.

XIE B, SUN G Y, YANG B, et al. Multi-unit parallel black-start control strategy for energy storage power station based on adaptive virtual impedance[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2025, 43(2): 243-251.

李明, 武鸿鑫, 甫日甫才仁, 等. 基于IHAOAVOA的储能电站有功无功功率分配策略[J]. 太阳能学报, 2025, 46(9): 293-302.

LI M, WU H X, FURIFUCAIREN, et al. Active and reactive power allocation strategy for energy storage power station based on IHAOAVOA[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2025, 46(9): 293-302.

叶晖, 李爱魁, 张忠. 基于储能的无功补偿技术综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(6): 2209-2217.

YE H, LI A K, ZHANG Z. Review of reactive power compensation technology based on energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(6): 2209-2217.

金辰晖, 姜新建, 戴兴建. 微电网飞轮储能阵列协调控制策略研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2018,7(5):834-840.

JIN C H, JIANG X J, DAI X J. Coordinated control strategy of microgrid flywheel energy storage array[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(5): 834-840.

吕志鹏, 盛万兴, 钟庆昌, 等. 虚拟同步发电机及其在微电网中的应用[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(16): 2591-2603.

LYU Z P, SHENG W X, ZHONG Q C, et al. Virtual synchronous generator and its applications in micro-grid[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(16): 2591-2603.

渠展展, 杨若奂, 牛萌, 等. 基于积分反馈频率无差控制的构网型储能黑启动频率稳定提升研究[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2024(11): 20-28+44.

QU Z Z, YANG R H, NIU M, et al. Frequency stability improvement of grid-forming energy storage black start based on integral-feedback frequency zero-error control[J]. Electrical & Energy Management Technology, 2024(11): 20-28+44.

李建林, 丁子洋, 游洪灏, 等. 基于MMC的构网型储能系统暂态性能优化控制[J]. 太阳能学报, 2025, 46(6): 152-162.

LI J L, DING Z Y, YOU H H, et al. Transient performance optimization control of MMC-based grid-forming energy storage system[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2025, 46(6): 152-162.

石荣亮, 兰才华, 董政, 等. 基于能量重构的构网型储能VSG有功振荡阻尼策略[J]. 太阳能学报, 2025, 46(1): 300-308.

SHI R L, LAN C H, DONG Z, et al. Active power oscillation damping strategy for grid-forming energy storage VSG based on energy reconstruction[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2025, 46(1): 300-308.

陈建荣, 赵波, 赵炳洋. 考虑多控制环路影响的VSG型构网储能dq阻抗建模及稳定性分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(1): 222-239.

CHEN J R, ZHAO B, ZHAO B Y. dq impedance modeling and stability analysis of VSG-based grid-forming energy storage considering the influence of multiple control loops[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(1): 222-239.

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

大功率高速飞轮储能电机表贴式转子涡流损耗研究及温度场分析

面向分布式光伏高渗透场景的网储协同发展模式研究

压缩空气储能盐穴储气库的热力耦合特性研究

基于物理信息引导的磷酸铁锂电池荷电状态估计方法

层状高熵氧化物的修饰改性策略、作用机理及储钠性能研究进展