中国电池产品贸易特征及其对储能产业的启示

孙强; 黄恬冰

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0730

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中国电池产品贸易特征及其对储能产业的启示

XXXX | 更新时间：2026-09-17

- 中国电池产品贸易特征及其对储能产业的启示
- Characteristics of China's Battery Product Trade and Its Implications for the Energy Storage Industry
- 储能科学与技术 2026年页码：1-15
- 作者机构：
  
  北方工业大学，北京 100144
- 作者简介：
  
  孙强（1975—），男，博士，教授，研究方向为贸易竞争力及其提升的产业基础，E-mail：sunqiang206@126.com ；
  黄恬冰（2002—），女，硕士研究生（在读），研究方向为国际经济与贸易，E-mail：h849594425@163.com。第二作者：黄恬冰（2002—），女，硕士研究生（在读），研究方向为国际经济与贸易，E-mail：h849594425@163.com。
- 基金信息：
  
  无
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0730
  中图分类号： F 752.65
- 收稿：2026-08-24，
  
  修回：2026-09-04，
  
  网络首发：2026-09-17，
- 稿件说明：
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孙强, 黄恬冰. 中国电池产品贸易特征及其对储能产业的启示[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-15.

SUN Qiang, HUANG Tianbing. Characteristics of China's Battery Product Trade and Its Implications for the Energy Storage Industry[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-15.
孙强, 黄恬冰. 中国电池产品贸易特征及其对储能产业的启示[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-15. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0730.

SUN Qiang, HUANG Tianbing. Characteristics of China's Battery Product Trade and Its Implications for the Energy Storage Industry[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-15. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0730.

摘要

为考察中国电池产品贸易的规模、产品结构、市场集中度及伙伴关系结构，并识别主要出口市场和进口来源的风险暴露，本文基于UN Comtrade 2015—2023年数据，选取HS 850760锂离子蓄电池、HS 850780其他蓄电池和HS 850790蓄电池零部件三类商品作为观察样本，采用赫芬达尔—赫希曼指数（HHI）和贸易伙伴网络分析方法，考察贸易规模、产品结构、市场集中度及伙伴关系结构。研究发现：2015—2023年，中国三类商品出口占全球对应商品出口总额的比重由32.6%升至50.8%；2023年出口额约为进口额的26.2倍，呈现明显贸易顺差；出口产品高度集中于锂离子蓄电池，占三类产品出口总额的97.9%；出口市场呈现“整体分散化与头部依赖并存”的结构特征：锂离子蓄电池出口HHI由2015年的0.150降至2023年的0.092，第一大出口伙伴份额下降，前五大市场内部份额分布趋于均衡；但2023年前五大市场合计占比仍达58.0%；蓄电池零部件进口来源较为集中，前三大来源国（韩国、德国、日本）合计占比67.0%。贸易伙伴网络分析显示，三类产品出口伙伴覆盖较广、进口来源相对较少，各子网络最大贸易伙伴占比介于20.3%—38.0%，部分高权重双边贸易关系较为突出。这表明贸易伙伴覆盖广并不意味着贸易额分布均匀，主要出口市场或关键进口来源的变化仍可能对相关贸易关系产生较为直接的影响。在此基础上，本文结合外部规则变化，兼论上述贸易格局对电化学储能产业链的启示，并从重点出口市场监测与中腰部市场培育、零部件进口来源动态监测与备选来源建设、海外法规信息服务和企业合规能力提升等方面提出建议。

Abstract

To examine the trade scale

product structure

market concentration

and trading-partner structure of China's battery products

and to identify risk exposure associated with major export markets and import sources

this study uses UN Comtrade data from 2015 to 2023 and selects three product categories—lithium-ion accumulators (HS 850760)

other accumulators (HS 850780)

and parts of accumulators (HS 850790)—as the sample for analysis. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and trade-partner network analysis are employed for the empirical analysis. The results show that

from 2015 to 2023

China's share of global exports of the corresponding three product categories increased from 32.6% to 50.8%. In 2023

the total export value of the three categories was approximately 26.2 times the corresponding import value

indicating a pronounced trade surplus. The export product structure was highly concentrated in lithium-ion accumulators

which accounted for 97.9% of the total export value of the three categories. The export market exhibited a structural pattern in which overall diversification coexisted with continued dependence on leading markets. Specifically

the HHI for lithium-ion accumulator exports declined from 0.150 in 2015 to 0.092 in 2023

accompanied by a decline in the share of the largest export partner and a more balanced distribution of shares among the five largest destination markets. Nevertheless

the five largest markets still accounted for 58.0% of total lithium-ion accumulator exports in 2023

indicating that leading markets continued to carry substantial weight despite the overall tendency toward diversification. Imports of accumulator parts also showed a relatively concentrated source structure

with the three largest source countries—the Republic of Korea

Germany

and Japan—jointly accounting for 67.0% of total imports. Trade-partner network analysis further shows that the three product categories had relatively broad export-partner coverage but comparatively fewer import sources. Across the different subnetworks

the share of the largest trading partner ranged from 20.3% to 38.0%

and several high-weight bilateral trade relationships remained prominent. These findings indicate that broad trading-partner coverage does not necessarily imply an even distribution of trade values and that changes in major export markets or key import sources may still have a relatively direct influence on relevant trade relationships. On this basis

the study further considers changes in external trade rules and provides a supplementary discussion of the relevance of the observed trade patterns to the electrochemical energy-storage industry chain. Policy recommendations are proposed in terms of monitoring key export markets and cultivating mid-tier markets

dynamically monitoring import sources for accumulator parts and developing alternative supply sources

strengthening information services on overseas regulations

and enhancing corporate compliance capabilities.

关键词

Keywords

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