高能量密度锂硫电池多级协同设计：参数调控、材料改性与实用化进展

吴康为; 程时杰; 谢佳

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0702

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高能量密度锂硫电池多级协同设计：参数调控、材料改性与实用化进展

XXXX | 更新时间：2026-10-16

- 高能量密度锂硫电池多级协同设计：参数调控、材料改性与实用化进展
- Multi-level Collaborative Design of High-Energy-Density Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Parameter Regulation, Material Modification and Practical Progress
- 储能科学与技术 2026年页码：1-16
- 作者机构：
  
  1.华中科技大学电气与电子工程学院
  2.华中科技大学化学与化工学院，湖北武汉 430000
- 作者简介：
  
  吴康为（2002—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为锂硫电池材料，E-mail：1525835971@qq.com；
  谢佳，教授，研究方向为电化学储能材料与器件、新型二次电池储能体系，E-mail：xiejia@hust.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家杰出青年基金(52425706)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0702
  中图分类号： TM 911
- 收稿：2026-08-11，
  
  修回：2026-09-08，
  
  网络首发：2026-10-16，
- 稿件说明：
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吴康为, 程时杰, 谢佳. 高能量密度锂硫电池多级协同设计:参数调控、材料改性与实用化进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16.

WU Kangwei, CHENG ShiJie, XIE Jia. Multi-level Collaborative Design of High-Energy-Density Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Parameter Regulation, Material Modification and Practical Progress[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16.
吴康为, 程时杰, 谢佳. 高能量密度锂硫电池多级协同设计:参数调控、材料改性与实用化进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0702.

WU Kangwei, CHENG ShiJie, XIE Jia. Multi-level Collaborative Design of High-Energy-Density Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Parameter Regulation, Material Modification and Practical Progress[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0702.

摘要

锂硫电池理论能量密度高达2600 Wh/kg，兼具硫资源储量丰富、原料成本低廉等优势，已成为下一代超高比能电化学储能器件的研究热点。实现高能量密度与长循环寿命兼顾，是锂硫电池走向规模化实用化的关键。本文基于电池能量密度理论计算公式，系统归纳高能量密度锂硫电池的整体构筑思路；从器件层面剖析关键参数的定量调控规律，明确电池组分改性策略的优化优先级；针对多硫化物穿梭、硫导电性差、锂负极界面失稳等固有瓶颈，建立“器件参数边界—材料与电解液调控—循环失效机制分析”的多级协同设计框架，分别阐述改性方案与最新软包电池验证成果。系统归纳近年突破500~700 Wh/kg超高能量密度体系的循环性能现状，以及提升电池循环稳定性的有效手段；并揭示实现高能量密度锂硫电池体系的关键参数目标。最后本文深入分析高能量密度与长循环寿命之间的制衡关系，展望锂硫电池产业化发展方向，为高性能实用化锂硫电池的后续研发提供理论参考。

Abstract

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries

with an ultrahigh theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh/kg

abundant sulfur reserves

and low material cost

have emerged as a prominent research focus for next-generation high-energy-density energy storage systems. High energy density and long cycle life represent two core metrics enabling the large-scale practical deployment of Li-S batteries. In this review

we systematically summarize construction strategies for high-energy-density Li-S batteries derived from the theoretical energy density formula. At the full battery system level

we outline methodologies for key parameter regulation and clarify the optimization priority of battery component modification strategies. Targeting inherent bottlenecks such as the polysulfide shuttle effect

poor electrical conductivity of sulfur and interfacial instability of lithium anodes

we establish a multi-level collaborative design framework of "Cell-level parameter constraints—materials and electrolyte engineering—analysis of cycling failure mechanisms"

and elaborate on modification schemes and the latest pouch cell verification results respectively. Meanwhile

we systematically summarize the current cycling performance of ultra-high-energy-density systems reaching 500~700 Wh/kg in recent years

as well as effective approaches to enhance battery cycling stability. Furthermore

we conduct an in-depth analysis of the inherent trade-off between high-energy-density and long cycle life

present an outlook on the industrialization trajectory of Li–S batteries

and provide theoretical insights to guide future development of high-performance

practically viable Li-S batteries.

关键词

Keywords

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