燃料电池供氢系统用比例阀关键技术进展：高频驱动、氢相容材料与协同设计

李维波; 吴体珂; 虞丽娟; 李庆; 罗仁超; 赵子涵

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0644

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燃料电池供氢系统用比例阀关键技术进展：高频驱动、氢相容材料与协同设计

XXXX | 更新时间：2026-09-07

- 燃料电池供氢系统用比例阀关键技术进展：高频驱动、氢相容材料与协同设计
- Key Technological Advances in Proportional Valves for Fuel Cell Hydrogen Supply Systems: High-Frequency Drive, Hydrogen-Compatible Materials, and Co-Design
- 储能科学与技术 2026年页码：1-9
- 作者机构：
  
  1.武汉理工大学新能源与电气工程学院，湖北省武汉市 430000
  2.湖北创偲诺电气科技股份有限公司，湖北省恩施市 445000
- 作者简介：
  
  李维波（1973—），男，博士，教授，电磁阀精密驱动控制技术，E-mail：liweibo@whut.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  湖北省科技计划重点研发项目(2024BAB067);楚天英才计划双创团队专项(20259109)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0644
  中图分类号： TH 138.52+2;TM 911.4
- 收稿：2026-07-24，
  
  修回：2026-08-23，
  
  网络首发：2026-09-05，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李维波, 吴体珂, 虞丽娟, 等. 燃料电池供氢系统用比例阀关键技术进展:高频驱动、氢相容材料与协同设计[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-9.

Li Weibo, Wu Tike, Yu Lijuan, et al. Key Technological Advances in Proportional Valves for Fuel Cell Hydrogen Supply Systems: High-Frequency Drive, Hydrogen-Compatible Materials, and Co-Design[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-9.
李维波, 吴体珂, 虞丽娟, 等. 燃料电池供氢系统用比例阀关键技术进展:高频驱动、氢相容材料与协同设计[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-9. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0644.

Li Weibo, Wu Tike, Yu Lijuan, et al. Key Technological Advances in Proportional Valves for Fuel Cell Hydrogen Supply Systems: High-Frequency Drive, Hydrogen-Compatible Materials, and Co-Design[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-9. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0644.

摘要

燃料电池供氢系统用比例阀承担氢气流量调节、压力匹配和运行状态切换等功能，其动态响应、流量控制精度、故障能量限制和氢环境耐久性会影响电堆入口氢气化学计量比、阳极压力稳定性及系统运行效率。本文围绕高频驱动、氢相容材料和协同设计三个方面梳理比例阀关键技术。比较IGBT、Si MOSFET和SiC MOSFET在不同供电电压、负载功率和开关频率下的适用特点，分析高频PWM驱动对线圈电流纹波、开关损耗、温升和电磁兼容性的影响，指出SiC器件在中高压和高频场景具有应用条件，但在12V或24V低压比例阀中的系统收益仍需结合功率、散热、成本和故障能量进行评价；归纳金属氢致损伤、聚合物氢渗透、快速卸压、涂层缺陷和交变载荷对阀体、阀芯、密封件及连接界面的影响，比较316L奥氏体不锈钢、镍基合金、聚合物密封材料以及阻氢涂层和表面改性技术的适用范围；并从电堆供氢需求出发，分析阀门动态开度、可压缩氢气流动、压力波动、线圈温升和密封界面载荷之间的耦合关系，讨论三维流动模拟、热结构分析和状态反馈控制在协同设计中的作用。综述表明，比例阀性能不能仅由开关频率、响应时间、材料硬度或渗透系数评价，其结果取决于驱动、结构、材料、控制方法和试验条件的共同匹配。现有研究在长期氢环境耐久、动态密封、产品一致性、三维多物理场耦合及电堆级验证方面仍需加强。后续应建立统一的工况定义、数据提取和寿命评价方法，为比例阀设计和工程应用提供依据。

Abstract

Proportional valves used in fuel cell hydrogen supply systems perform functions such as hydrogen flow regulation

pressure matching

and operating mode switching. Their dynamic response

flow control accuracy

fault energy limitation

and durability in hydrogen environments affect the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen at the stack inlet

anode pressure stability

and system operating efficiency. This paper summarizes the key technologies of proportional valves from three aspects: high-frequency drive

hydrogen-compatible materials

and co-design. First

this paper compares the suitability of IGBTs

Si MOSFETs

and SiC MOSFETs under different supply voltages

load powers

and switching frequencies. It analyzes the impact of high-frequency PWM drive on coil current ripple

switching losses

temperature rise

and electromagnetic compatibility

and points out that while SiC devices are suitable for medium- to high-voltage and high-frequency applications

their system benefits in 12 V or 24 V low-voltage proportional valves still need to be evaluated in terms of power

heat dissipation

cost

and fault energy. Second

the study summarizes the effects of metal hydrogen-induced damage

hydrogen permeation through polymers

rapid depressurization

coating defects

and alternating loads on the valve body

valve spool

seals

and interface connections

and compares the applicability of 316L austenitic stainless steel

nickel-based alloys

polymer sealing materials

as well as hydrogen-barrier coatings and surface modification technologies. Third

based on the hydrogen supply requirements of fuel cells

this study analyzes the coupled relationships among valve dynamic opening

compressible hydrogen flow

pressure fluctuations

coil temperature rise

and sealing interface loads

and discusses the roles of three-dimensional flow simulation

thermal-structural analysis

and state-feedback control in collaborative design. The review indicates that the performance of proportional valves cannot be evaluated solely based on switching frequency

response time

material hardness

or permeability coefficient; rather

the results depend on the combined matching of the actuator

structure

materials

control methods

and test conditions. Existing research still needs to be strengthened in the areas of long-term durability in hydrogen environments

dynamic sealing

product consistency

three-dimensional multiphysics coupling

and fuel cell stack-level validation. Future work should establish unified definitions of operating conditions

data extraction methods

and life evaluation methods to provide a basis for proportional valve design and engineering applications.

关键词

Keywords

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