低空飞行器锂电池阻燃电解液的设计与调控策略

陈俊权; 邓娇娇; 莫金汉

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0571

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低空飞行器锂电池阻燃电解液的设计与调控策略

储能XXXX | 更新时间：2026-07-27

- 低空飞行器锂电池阻燃电解液的设计与调控策略
- Design and regulation strategies of flame-retardant electrolytes for lithium batteries in low-altitude aircraft
- 储能科学与技术 2026年页码：1-19
- 作者机构：
  
  1.深圳大学土木与交通工程学院，广东深圳 518060
  2.亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室深圳大学，广东深圳 518060
  3.极端环境岩土和隧道工程智能建养全国重点实验室深圳大学，广东深圳 518060
- 作者简介：
  
  陈俊权（2003—），男，硕士研究生（在读），主要从事储能锂电池热安全防控，E-mail：2500211021@mails.szu.edu.cn；
  邓娇娇，副教授，电化学储能及其热安全防护，E-mail：deng.jiaojiao@szu.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(52325801);国家自然科学基金(52402052)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0571
  中图分类号： U 8;O 64
- 收稿：2026-07-03，
  
  修回：2026-07-23，
  
  网络首发：2026-07-27，
- 稿件说明：
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陈俊权, 邓娇娇, 莫金汉. 低空飞行器锂电池阻燃电解液的设计与调控策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-19.

CHEN Junquan, DENG Jiaojiao, MO Jinhan. Design and regulation strategies of flame-retardant electrolytes for lithium batteries in low-altitude aircraft[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-19.
陈俊权, 邓娇娇, 莫金汉. 低空飞行器锂电池阻燃电解液的设计与调控策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-19. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0571.

CHEN Junquan, DENG Jiaojiao, MO Jinhan. Design and regulation strategies of flame-retardant electrolytes for lithium batteries in low-altitude aircraft[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-19. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0571.

摘要

电动垂直起降飞行器（eVTOL）产业快速发展，对动力电池能量密度、倍率性能与安全性提出严苛要求，传统碳酸酯电解液的高可燃性成为“零热失控”目标的根本瓶颈。本文综述面向低空航空应用的阻燃电解液设计策略。系统梳理四类技术路径：阻燃添加剂修饰，分析含磷/含氟及PFPN复合体系在自由基捕获、界面成膜与锂盐稳定方面的作用及界面兼容性局限；本征不燃共溶剂重构，比较磷酸酯、氟代溶剂及离子液体三类体系在消除可燃组分与宽温域适配中的优势及各自在负极兼容性、成本与动力学方面的不足；溶剂化结构调控，阐明HCE/LHCE/WSE通过诱导阴离子聚集体主导的配位结构改善热稳定性并构筑富无机界面膜的机制，指出高去溶剂化能垒在大倍率下的极化制约；宏观相态与主动防御，分析凝胶/固态电解质的物理锁液与热屏障功能、热响应智能电解质的触发式防护及微胶囊封装策略，指出各体系在界面阻抗、响应精度与工程一致性方面的关键挑战。结合eVTOL宽温域波动、高倍率脉冲及振动工况，剖析各技术体系的性能短板与产业化难点。最后展望宽温域快充电解液、无氟体系、AI辅助设计及系统级协同防护等方向，为高安全航空电池电解液开发提供参考。

Abstract

The rapid advancement of the electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft industry imposes stringent requirements on the energy density

rate capability

and safety of power batteries. The high flammability of conventional carbonate-based electrolytes represents a fundamental bottleneck to achieving the goal of zero thermal runaway. This review examines flame-retardant electrolyte design strategies for low-altitude aviation applications. Four categories of technical approaches are systematically evaluated: flame-retardant additives

with a focus on the roles of phosphorus- and fluorine-based additives and PFPN composite systems in radical scavenging

interphase formation

and lithium salt stabilization

as well as their interfacial compatibility limitations; intrinsically non-flammable co-solvents

comparing phosphates

fluorinated solvents

and ionic liquids in terms of their ability to eliminate combustible components and provide wide-temperature adaptability

alongside their respective drawbacks in anode compatibility

cost

and kinetics; solvation structure regulation

elucidating the mechanisms by which highly concentrated electrolytes (HCE)

localized highly concentrated electrolytes (LHCE)

and water-in-salt electrolytes (WSE) enhance thermal stability and construct inorganic-rich interphases through anion-aggregate-dominated coordination

while highlighting the polarization constraints imposed by high desolvation barriers during high-rate operation; and macroscopic phase-state regulation and active protection

analyzing the physical confinement and thermal barrier functions of gel and solid-state electrolytes

the triggered protection mechanisms of thermo-responsive smart electrolytes

and microencapsulation strategies

while identifying critical challenges in interfacial impedance

response precision

and engineering consistency for each system. The performance limitations and industrialization challenges of each technology are assessed in the context of eVTOL operating conditions

including wide-temperature fluctuations

high-rate pulses

and mechanical vibration. Future directions are proposed in the development of wide-temperature fast-charging electrolytes

fluorine-free systems

AI-assisted design

and system-level cooperative protection

providing references for the rational design of high-safety aviation battery electrolytes.

关键词

Keywords

references

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