二次电池磷基异质结构负极材料研究进展

苏祉祎; 张书涵; 张智源; 吴欢; 彭张秋缘; 刘晓静; 颜波; 杨学林

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0486

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二次电池磷基异质结构负极材料研究进展

储能材料与器件 | 更新时间：2026-10-22

- 二次电池磷基异质结构负极材料研究进展
- Recent advances in phosphorus-based heterostructure anodes for rechargeable batteries
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第10期页码：3880-3894
- 作者机构：
  
  三峡大学材料与化工学院，储能技术研究院（分析测试中心），湖北宜昌 443002
- 作者简介：
  
  苏祉祎（2006—），女，本科，研究方向为新能源材料，E-mail：3408206442@qq.com；
  刘晓静，实验师，研究方向为电化学储能，E-mail：liuxiaojing@ctgu.edu.cn
  杨学林，教授，研究方向为电化学储能，E-mail：xlyang@ctgu.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(52572239)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0486
  中图分类号： TM 912
- 收稿：2026-06-09，
  
  修回：2026-08-05，
  
  纸质出版：2026-10-28
- 稿件说明：
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苏祉祎, 张书涵, 张智源, 等. 二次电池磷基异质结构负极材料研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(10): 3880-3894.

SU Zhiyi, ZHANG Shuhan, ZHANG Zhiyuan, et al. Recent advances in phosphorus-based heterostructure anodes for rechargeable batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(10): 3880-3894.
苏祉祎, 张书涵, 张智源, 等. 二次电池磷基异质结构负极材料研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(10): 3880-3894. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0486.

SU Zhiyi, ZHANG Shuhan, ZHANG Zhiyuan, et al. Recent advances in phosphorus-based heterostructure anodes for rechargeable batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(10): 3880-3894. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0486.

摘要

磷基材料因其极高的理论容量与适宜的工作电位，已成为构建下一代高比能二次电池极具前景的负极材料。然而，磷本征电导率低、合金化反应引发的巨大体积效应及界面与结构不稳定等问题严重制约了其实际应用。异质结构兼备独特的界面电子效应及组分协同作用，可显著提升电荷传输效率、缓冲体积应变并维持循环稳定，已成为克服磷基负极性能瓶颈的关键策略。本文从磷同素异形体（白磷、红磷、黑磷、紫磷、蓝磷）的结构特征与物化性质出发，系统归纳了不同磷材料的储能特性、差异与优劣，重点探讨了磷-磷、磷-碳、磷-金属及磷-无机/有机化合物等多类型异质结构的设计构筑与界面构效关系。通过解析异质界面处的化学键合特征、能带对齐及内建电场等微观物理化学机制，揭示了其离子/电子扩散动力学、抑制可溶性多磷化物穿梭及维持电极结构完整的共性规律。最后，展望了磷基异质结构的发展方向，指出精准界面工程与多尺度结构设计是实现高性能、长寿命储能器件的关键路径。

Abstract

Phosphorus-based materials are promising anode candidates for next-generation high-energy-density rechargeable batteries because of their high theoretical capacity and suitable operating potential. However

their practical application is still hindered by several intrinsic challenges

including low electrical conductivity

severe alloying-reaction-induced volume expansion

and cycling-triggered electrode-interface/structure instability. Consequently

heterostructure engineering has emerged as an effective strategy for overcoming the long-standing limitations of phosphorus anodes. Benefiting from unique interfacial electronic effects and synergistic interactions between different components

heterostructures effectively promote charge transport

alleviate mechanical strain

and improve structural stability during repeated cycling. This review begins with an overview of the structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of phosphorus allotropes

including white

red

black

violet

and blue phosphorus. Thereafter

it systematically summarizes their energy storage behaviors

distinctions

advantages

and limitations. The review particularly explores the design and construction of various phosphorus-based heterostructures

including phosphorus-phosphorus

phosphorus-carbon

phosphorus-metal

and phosphorus-inorganic/organic systems

together with their interfacial structure-property relationships. By elucidating the underlying heterointerface physicochemical mechanisms

especially chemical bonding characteristics

band alignment

and built-in electric fields

the review further clarifies the fundamental principles governing the transport kinetics of ions and electrons

the suppression of soluble-polyphosphide shuttling

and the preservation of electrode structural integrity. Finally

the review discusses future perspectives for phosphorus-based heterostructures

emphasizing that the combination of precise interfacial engineering with multiscale structural design will be indispensable for developing high-performance

long-lifespan energy storage devices.

关键词

Keywords

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