全固态锂负极枝晶抑制及界面相容性研究进展

闫兴朝; 杨晴霞; 陈伊新; 邢晓宇

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0478

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全固态锂负极枝晶抑制及界面相容性研究进展

储能材料与器件 | 更新时间：2026-10-22

- 全固态锂负极枝晶抑制及界面相容性研究进展
- Research progress on dendrite suppression and interface compatibility in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries
- 储能科学与技术 2026年15卷第10期页码：3895-3908
- 作者机构：
  
  河南科技大学车辆与交通工程学院，河南洛阳 471003
- 作者简介：
  
  闫兴朝（2001—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为全固态电池，E-mail：3204988794@qq.com；
  杨晴霞，副教授，研究方向为新能源电池，E-mail：qx_yang@sina.cn。
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0478
  中图分类号： TM 912.9
- 收稿：2026-06-01，
  
  修回：2026-07-16，
  
  纸质出版：2026-10-28
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
闫兴朝, 杨晴霞, 陈伊新, 等. 全固态锂负极枝晶抑制及界面相容性研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(10): 3895-3908.

YAN Xingzhao, YANG Qingxia, CHEN Yixin, et al. Research progress on dendrite suppression and interface compatibility in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(10): 3895-3908.
闫兴朝, 杨晴霞, 陈伊新, 等. 全固态锂负极枝晶抑制及界面相容性研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2026, 15(10): 3895-3908. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0478.

YAN Xingzhao, YANG Qingxia, CHEN Yixin, et al. Research progress on dendrite suppression and interface compatibility in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2026, 15(10): 3895-3908. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0478.

摘要

全固态锂金属电池（ASSLMBs）因兼具高理论能量密度（

500 Wh/kg）与本质安全特性（固态电解质不可燃），被视为下一代储能技术的有力竞争者。然而，充放电过程中锂枝晶的持续生长与穿透，以及金属锂负极与固态电解质之间固-固界面接触不良所引发的高界面阻抗和副反应，严重制约了其商业化进程。本文系统回顾了近年来该领域的研究进展，并首次提出“力学阻挡-离子流调控-动态自修复”三级协同抑制框架，据此对现有技术路径进行重新分类与深度比较。在此基础上，从材料体系、界面结构和制备工艺三个维度构建了系统性的评价体系。分析表明：（1）经人工SEI层（如LiF/LiZn复合层）改性的硫化物电解质在临界电流密度（CCD ≥1.5 mA/cm

）和循环稳定性（

500圈）方面优势突出，是最具近期产业化潜力的方向；（2）单一依赖高杨氏模量的力学阻挡策略无法根除枝晶问题，必须与沉积动力学调控（如亲锂位点设计、底部沉积结构）协同作用，方可实现长效抑制；（3）当前界面评价标准严重不统一，不同研究在测试压力（0.1~10 MPa）、电流密度和温度等条件下的结果缺乏可比性。为此，本文建议至少纳入“初始界面阻抗、100圈阻抗变化率（≤20%）、CCD（≥1.0 mA/cm

）、界面副产物XPS定量占比（≤5%）”四项核心指标，以建立可比较的评估基准。最后，本文凝练出三大亟需填补的研究空白：动态界面演化机制缺乏原位高分辨表征数据，多物理场耦合枝晶生长阈值模型尚无公认相场参数库，以及低成本溶液法界面工艺亟待开发。本文为全固态锂负极研究提供了整合性的分析框架、明确的产业化路径指引和标准化的评价建议，对推动该领域从实验室走向实际应用具有参考价值。

Abstract

All-solid-state lithium-metal batteries (ASSLMBs) combine a high theoretical energy density (

500 Wh/kg) with intrinsic safety owing to their nonflammable solid-electrolyte components. Consequently

they have emerged as a compelling alternative to conventional liquid-electrolyte lithium-ion batteries whose energy density is approaching practical limits and whose safety remains a persistent concern. However

their industrialization is severely hindered by two intertwined challenges: continuous lithium dendrite growth and penetration during repeated charge/discharge cycling and poo

r solid-solid interfacial contact between the lithium-metal anode and the solid electrolyte

which induces high interfacial resistance and detrimental side reactions. This study systematically reviews recent advances in addressing these issues

becoming the first to propose a three-tiered synergistic suppression framework that integrates (1) mechanical blocking via high-modulus electrolytes or rigid interlayers

(2) ionic-flux modulation via lithiophilic-site design and deposition-space confinement

and (3) dynamic self-healing enabled by adaptive interfacial reconstruction during cycling. Based on this framework

existing technical approaches are reclassified and critically compared. A comprehensive evaluation system is further established across three dimensions (material systems

interface architectures

and fabrication processes) to enable an objective assessment of different strategies. The analysis yields three key findings. First

sulfide electrolytes modified with artificial solid electrolyte interface layers

such as LiF/LiZn composites

exhibit outstanding critical current density (CCD ≥ 1.5 mA/cm

) and long-term cycling stability (

500 cycles)

making them the most promising candidates for near-term industrial deployment. Second

a high Young's modulus alone cannot completely suppress dendrite penetration; thus

it must be synergistically combined with deposition-kinetics control—for instance

via lithiophilic nucleation sites or bottom-up deposition structures that guide uniform lithium growth. Third

the lack of standardized evaluation protocols severely complicates the comparison of results across different studies

as test conditions vary widely (e.g.

applied pressures from 0.1 to 10 MPa

current densities

and temperatures). To address this

we recommend adopting a minimum of four core metrics: initial interfacial impedance

impedance-change rate after 100 cycles (target ≤ 20%)

CCD (target ≥ 1.0 mA/cm

)

and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy-quantified interfacial-byprodu

ct proportion (target ≤5%). Finally

this review identifies three critical research gaps urgently requiring further investigation: (a) the dynamic evolution of interfaces during cycling

which lacks in situ high-resolution characterization data; (b) multiphysical-field-coupled models for predicting dendrite growth thresholds

for which no standardized phase-field parameter database exists; and (c) scalable

low-cost solution-based interfacial processing techniques

as conventional methods

such as magnetron sputtering

are challenging to scale up. This study offers an integrated analytical framework

clear industrialization pathways

and standardized evaluation recommendations

potentially facilitating the transition of all-solid-state lithium-anode research from laboratory to practical applications.

关键词

Keywords

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