锂电池低温预热技术最新进展

石鹏; 张伟杰; 张恒运; 赵宇含; 孙玉坤; 祝成; 冯文博

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0471

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锂电池低温预热技术最新进展

储能XXXX | 更新时间：2026-07-14

- 锂电池低温预热技术最新进展
- Recent Advances in Low-Temperature Preheating Technologies for Lithium-Ion Batteries
- 储能科学与技术 2026年页码：1-16
- 作者机构：
  
  1.上海工程技术大学机械与汽车工程学院，上海 201620
  2.国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室（储能与动力电池安全），四川宜宾 644005
  3.四川赛科检测技术有限公司，四川宜宾 644000
  4.内蒙古赛氪检测技术有限公司，内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017200
- 作者简介：
  
  石鹏（2002—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为新能源汽车电池测控与热管理E-mail：pengshi220626@sues.edu.cn；
  张恒运，教授，研究方向为新能源汽车电池测控与热管理，相变储能，集成电路散热等，E-mail：zhanghengyun@sues.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金资助项目(52476079);国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室（储能与动力电池安全）资助项目(KLBS-KF2025B05)
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0471
  中图分类号： TM 912.9
- 收稿：2026-05-29，
  
  修回：2026-07-14，
  
  网络首发：2026-07-14，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
石鹏, 张伟杰, 张恒运, 等. 锂电池低温预热技术最新进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16.

SHI Peng, ZHANG Weijie, ZHANG Hengyun, et al. Recent Advances in Low-Temperature Preheating Technologies for Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16.
石鹏, 张伟杰, 张恒运, 等. 锂电池低温预热技术最新进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0471.

SHI Peng, ZHANG Weijie, ZHANG Hengyun, et al. Recent Advances in Low-Temperature Preheating Technologies for Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-16. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0471.

摘要

锂离子电池正逐步成为世界新质生产力。然而，低温环境会降低锂离子电池的充放电性能、功率输出和能量利用效率，并加剧负极极化与析锂风险，影响电动汽车、储能系统及低温装备的安全运行和使用寿命。本文系统梳理了锂离子电池低温预热技术的最新研究进展，将预热方法划分为外部预热、内部预热和混合预热三类。外部预热技术结构安全性较高且比较成熟，但也存在传热路径长、升温速度较慢和内外温差较大的问题。内部预热技术可以直接在电芯内部产生热量，具有升温速度快、传热损失小等优势，但需重点控制低温大电流作用下的过电压、析锂和寿命衰减风险。混合预热技术通过内部产热与外部预热协同，或多种外部热源耦合，可在升温速率、温度均匀性和能耗控制之间取得平衡，是未来低温预热技术的重要发展方向。最后，本文从能耗、集成简易程度、寿命与安全、整车和评价体系等方面展望了低温预热技术的发展趋势，以期为锂离子电池低温热管理系统的后续研究和工程应用提供参考。

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries are gradually becoming an important component of the world's new quality productive forces. However

low-temperature environments reduce the charge–discharge performance

power output

and energy utilization efficiency of lithium-ion batteries

while aggravating anode polarization and the risk of lithium plating

thereby affecting the safe operation and service life of electric vehicles

energy storage systems

and low-temperature equipment. This paper systematically reviews the latest research progress in low-temperature preheating technologies for lithium-ion batteries and classifies these technologies into three categories: external preheating

internal preheating

and hybrid preheating. External preheating technologies feature relatively high structural safety and maturity

but still suffer from long heat transfer paths

slow heating rates

and large internal–external temperature differences. Internal preheating technologies can generate heat directly inside the cell

offering advantages such as rapid heating and low heat transfer loss; however. Nonetheless

the risks of overvoltage

lithium plating

and lifespan degradation under high-current conditions at low temperatures need toshould be carefully controlled. Hybrid preheating technologies

through the synergy between internal heat generation and external heat supplementation or the coupling of multiple external heat sources

can achieve a balance among heating rate

temperature uniformity

and energy consumption control

making them an important development direction for future low-temperature preheating technologies. Finally

this paper forecasts the development trends of low-temperature preheating technologies in terms of energy consumption

integration feasibility

cycle life and safety

vehicle integration and evaluation framework

which can offer a reference for subsequent research and practical engineering implementation of lithium-ion battery low-temperature thermal management systems.

关键词

Keywords

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