恒压压缩空气储能系统中变容密封技术的研究进展

杨静; 李鹏; 张新军

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0439

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恒压压缩空气储能系统中变容密封技术的研究进展

储能XXXX | 更新时间：2026-07-21

- 恒压压缩空气储能系统中变容密封技术的研究进展
- A Review on Variable-Volume Sealing Technologies for Constant-Pressure Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems
- 储能科学与技术 2026年页码：1-15
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京化工大学机电工程学院，北京 100029
  2.北京橡胶工业研究设计院有限公司，北京 100143
- 作者简介：
  
  杨静（1970—），女，副教授，研究方向为压缩空气储能，E-mail：yangjing@mail.buct.edu.cn；
  李鹏，正高级工程师，研究方向为高分子材料结构设计，E-mail：lipeng_y@163.com。
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0439
  中图分类号： TK 02
- 收稿：2026-05-20，
  
  修回：2026-07-20，
  
  网络首发：2026-07-21，
- 稿件说明：
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杨静, 李鹏, 张新军. 恒压压缩空气储能系统中变容密封技术的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-15.

YANG Jing, LI Peng, ZHANG Xin Jun. A Review on Variable-Volume Sealing Technologies for Constant-Pressure Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-15.
杨静, 李鹏, 张新军. 恒压压缩空气储能系统中变容密封技术的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-15. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0439.

YANG Jing, LI Peng, ZHANG Xin Jun. A Review on Variable-Volume Sealing Technologies for Constant-Pressure Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-15. DOI： 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0439.

摘要

恒压压缩空气储能（Constant-pressure Compressed Air Energy Storage，CAES）是平抑可再生能源波动、提升电网灵活性的关键技术，其关键之一在于通过变容密封与外部压力补偿机制协同实现储气压力稳定。本文回顾了恒压压缩空气储能系统中变容密封技术的研究进展，阐述了恒压CAES的技术原理与变容密封的关键作用，综述了主流变容密封技术路线包括静水压力密封、活塞密封、气囊密封及承压膜密封，重点分析了上述四种密封方式的作用机理、结构特点、技术优势与面临的挑战。分析表明，以气囊和承压膜为代表的柔性密封技术，凭借其低摩擦损耗、优异的密封适应性及结构简洁性，成为实现低损耗、长寿命恒压储气的重要发展方向。本文展望了变容密封技术的发展趋势，提出未来研究应聚焦于：开发兼具高强度、高气密性与耐疲劳性的新型复合材料以提升性能极限；深入研究高压大温差下多物理场耦合机理与动态响应以建立精确寿命预测模型；发展基于状态感知的智能控制策略以实现自适应调节与故障预警；开展全生命周期可靠性评估与成本效益分析以推动大规模工程应用。

Abstract

Constant-pressure compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a key technology for mitigating renewable energy fluctuations and enhancing grid flexibility. One of its key features lies in achieving stable storage pressure through the synergistic operation of variable-volume sealing and external pressure compensation mechanisms. This paper reviews the research progress of variable-volume sealing technologies for constant-pressure CAES

elucidates the operating principles of constant-pressure CAES and the critical role of variable-volume sealing

and systematically summarizes four mainstream sealing approaches: hydrostatic pressure sealing

piston sealing

bladder sealing

and pressure-bearing membrane sealing. The mechanisms

structural characteristics

technical advantages

and key challenges of each approach are analyzed in detail. The analysis reveals a clear evolutionary trend from rigid-contact sealing to flexible isolation sealing and further toward intelligent adaptive sealing. Flexible sealing technologies

represented by bladder and pressure-bearing membrane sealing

are identified as the primary development direction for low-loss

long-life constant-pressure air storage

owing to their low friction loss

excellent sealing adaptability

and structural simplicity. This paper further outlines the development trends of variable-volume sealing technologies and proposes that future research should focus on: (1) developing novel composite materials with high strength

high hermeticity

and fatigue resistance to extend performance limits; (2) investigating multiphysics coupling mechanisms and dynamic responses under high-pressure and large-temperature-difference conditions to establish accurate life prediction models; (3) developing state-aware intelligent control strategies for adaptive regulation and early fault warning; and (4) conducting full life-cycle reliability assessments and cost–benefit analyses to facilitate large-scale engineering deployment.

关键词

Keywords

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